Innovative Nanoporous Titania Surface with Stabilized Antimicrobial Ag-Nanoparticles Via Salvadora Persica L. Roots (Miswak) Extract for Dental Applications

Oral infections are still one of the major problems facing dental implants and cause delay in the healing process which leads eventually to the failure of the implant surgery and bone loss. In this study, Salvadora persica L. root (miswak), SPE, extract acts as a bio-reductant solution to produce a tiny size (< 20 nm) AgNPs with spherical shape spread easily on nanoporous anodized titanium implant (NPAT) surface to increase its corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties for good bone integration after dental surgeries. AgNPs were stabilized as nano-granules like pearls on NPAT surface formed our novel modified titanium surface named AgNPs(SPE)/NPAT where its morphology and structure were confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Electrochemical impedance spec- troscopy (EIS) with its fitting data based on Rs[RpQp][RbQb] was used to predict the duplex structure of titania film and to confir