Comprehensive Literature Review for Using the piles as source of reducing the air temperature to reduce the CO2 and energy consumption
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54878/j2tkwp10Keywords:
Smart Cities, Piles, Energy Efficiency, InnovationAbstract
The rapid urbanization and population growth in urban areas present significant challenges to energy efficiency, particularly in heating and cooling systems within buildings. As the global urban population continues to grow, cities face immense pressure to adopt innovative and sustainable energy management strategies. This paper examines the utilization of pile foundations as a cutting-edge solution to enhance energy efficiency, focusing on their ability to integrate heat exchange systems and optimize energy use in urban infrastructure.
Pile foundations, traditionally used for structural stability, offer untapped potential for thermal energy management. By leveraging the thermal properties of these foundational systems, cities can significantly reduce their reliance on conventional energy-intensive methods for heating and cooling. This paper explores the dual functionality of pile foundations: supporting structural loads and serving as energy-efficient systems to address urban energy demands.
The study conducts a comprehensive review of various pile types, including concrete, steel, and timber piles, assessing their potential for energy optimization. Special emphasis is placed on innovative designs, such as geothermal heat exchangers embedded in pile systems. These technologies allow for the sustainable transfer of heat between buildings and the surrounding soil, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting environmental sustainability.
Case studies from diverse global contexts are presented to illustrate the practical applications of energy-efficient piles. For example, a mixed-use development in Turin, Italy, successfully integrated pile foundations with geothermal systems, achieving a 25% reduction in energy consumption. Similarly, a mosque in Yemen utilized lightweight, recycled materials in conjunction with thermally optimized piles, resulting in significant energy savings in a challenging
climatic environment. These examples underscore the versatility and effectiveness of pile-based systems in varying geographic and climatic conditions.
The findings of this paper highlight the role of pile foundations in smart city planning, where sustainable urban development is prioritized. By incorporating pile-based energy solutions, cities can achieve greater energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, and enhance resilience to environmental challenges. This approach aligns with global sustainability goals, offering a viable pathway to reduce carbon footprints and improve urban living standards.
This research provides critical insights for engineers, urban planners, and policymakers seeking innovative solutions to urban energy challenges. It bridges the gap between theoretical engineering advancements and practical applications, ensuring that cities can adapt to future energy demands while maintaining ecological balance. Furthermore, the integration of pile foundations into smart city frameworks demonstrates the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration in achieving sustainable urban development.
In conclusion, pile foundations represent a promising avenue for addressing the energy challenges of modern urbanization. By transforming traditional infrastructure into energy-efficient systems, cities can not only meet current energy demands but also pave the way for a more sustainable and resilient urban future. This study calls for further research, design and collaboration to unlock the full potential of pile-based systems in smart city development.
References
Akrouch, G. A., Sánchez, M., & Briaud, J. L. (2020). Thermal performance and economic study of an energy piles system under cooling dominated conditions. *Renewable Energy, 147*, 2736–2747.
Ayaz, H., Faizal, M., & Bouazza, A. (2024). Energy, economic, and carbon emission analysis of a residential building with an energy pile system. *Renewable Energy, 220*, Article 119712.
Brandl, H. (2020). Energy piles and diaphragm walls for heat transfer from and into the ground. In *Deep foundations on bored and auger piles—BAP III* (pp. 37–60). CRC Press.
Chanchayanon, T., Chaiprakaikeow, S., Jotisankasa, A., & Inazumi, S. (2024). Enhancing smart city energy efficiency with ground source heat pump systems and integrated energy piles. *Smart Cities, 7*(6), 3547–3586.
Fadejev, J., Simson, R., Kurnitski, J., & Haghighat, F. (2017). A review on energy piles design, sizing and modelling. *Energy, 122*, 390–407.
Gupta, N., & Tiwari, G. N. (2016). Review of passive heating/cooling systems of buildings. *Energy Science & Engineering, 4*(5), 305–333.
Hamada, Y., Saitoh, H., Nakamura, M., Kubota, H., & Ochifuji, K. (2007). Field performance of an energy pile system for space heating. *Energy and Buildings, 39*(5), 517–524.
Haridy, S., Alnaqbi, K., Radwan, A., & Arab, M. G. (2023). Optimizing the thermal performance of energy piles using response surface methodology. *Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 41*, Article 102637.
Khalil, A., Attom, M., Khan, Z., Astillo, P. V., & El-Kadri, O. M. (2024). Recent advancements in geothermal energy piles performance and design. *Energies, 17*(14), Article 3386.
Lu, H. W., Jin, X., Jiang, G., & Liu, W. Q. (2017). Numerical analysis of the thermal performance of energy pile with U-tube. *Energy Procedia, 105*, 4731–4737.
Ma, Q., & Wang, P. (2020). Underground solar energy storage via energy piles. *Applied Energy, 261*, Article 114361.
Min, J., Yan, G., Abed, A. M., Elattar, S., Khadimallah, M. A., Jan, A., & Ali, H. E. (2022). The effect of carbon dioxide emissions on the building energy efficiency. *Fuel, 326*, Article 124842.
Sutman, M., Speranza, G., Ferrari, A., Larrey-Lassalle, P., & Laloui, L. (2020). Long-term performance and life cycle assessment of energy piles in three different climatic conditions. *Renewable Energy, 146*, 1177–1191.
