International Journal of Applied Technology in Medical Sciences
International Journal of Applied Technology in Medical Sciences (IJATMS) is a high-caliber, peer-reviewed international research journal dedicated to advancing the integration of technology in the medical and healthcare sciences. Published semi-annually, IJATMS provides a multidisciplinary platform for researchers, scientists, professionals, practitioners, and students to share innovative findings, theoretical insights, and practical applications that contribute to the evolving field of medical technology.
Translational applications of exosomal proteomics in personalised medicine: using detailed proteomic analysis of exosomes to develop individualised therapeutic strategies.
Exosomal proteomics is becoming an indispensable asset in the advancement of personalised medicine, offering a non-invasive means of disease characterisation, biomarker identification, and therapy customisation. Exosomes - nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all cell types, encapsulate a complex cargo of proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids that mirror the physiological or pathological condition of their cellular origin. Among these, the proteomic constituents offer critical insight into intracellular pathways, rendering them highly valuable for elucidating disease mechanisms and tailoring molecularly informed treatments. Recent innovations in mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies have refined the ability to decode disease-specific exosomal protein signatures, enabling early-stage diagnosis and real-time monitoring via liquid biopsies, especially in oncology. Additionally, exosomes are being investigated as next-generation therapeutic vehicles, engineered to deliver targeted biomolecules with high biocompatibility and minimal immunogenicity. Despite ongoing challenges in isolation standardisation, cargo heterogeneity, and clinical scalability, progress in exosome engineering and proteomic analytics continues to unlock new possibilities. The integration of exosomal proteomics into clinical practice marks a transformative shift towards precision medicine, where treatment strategies are increasingly aligned with individual molecular profiles. Exosomal proteomics is becoming an indispensable asset in the advancement of personalised medicine, offering a non-invasive means of disease characterisation, biomarker identification, and therapy customisation. Exosomes - nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all cell types, encapsulate a complex cargo of proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids that mirror the physiological or pathological condition of their cellular origin. Among these, the proteomic constituents offer critical insight into intracellular pathways, rendering them highly valuable for elucidating disease mechanisms and tailoring molecularly informed treatments. Recent innovations in mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies have refined the ability to decode disease-specific exosomal protein signatures, enabling early-stage diagnosis and real-time monitoring via liquid biopsies, especially in oncology. Additionally, exosomes are being investigated as next-generation therapeutic vehicles, engineered to deliver targeted biomolecules with high biocompatibility and minimal immunogenicity. Despite ongoing challenges in isolation standardisation, cargo heterogeneity, and clinical scalability, progress in exosome engineering and proteomic analytics continues to unlock new possibilities. The integration of exosomal proteomics into clinical practice marks a transformative shift towards precision medicine, where treatment strategies are increasingly aligned with individual molecular profiles.
Proteomic Biomarkers in Precision Medicine
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Applied Technology in Medical Sciences
The future potential of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) in managing neonatal fungal infections
Fungal extracellular Vesicles (EVs) have emerged as significant mediators in the pathogenesis of neonatal fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. These nanostructures are increasingly recognised for their dual role in both facilitating infection, through mechanisms such as immune evasion and antifungal resistance, and offering novel therapeutic opportunities. This article explores the multifaceted interactions between fungal EVs and the neonatal immune system, emphasising the critical balance between their detrimental and potentially beneficial immunomodulatory effects. Given the immunological immaturity of neonates, understanding the dynamics of these vesicles is vital for developing targeted interventions. The discussion further extends to the future potential of engineering fungal EVs as safe, precise, and effective tools for treating neonatal mycoses. By synthesising emerging findings, this work contributes to the evolving landscape of neonatal care and proposes forward-looking strategies to harness fungal EVs in clinical applications.
Oxidized HDL as a Novel Predictive Biomarker in Conjunction with Selected Inflammatory Variables in Severe Dengue Fever Patients from Lahore, Pakistan
Background: Dengue fever is a deadly disease and represents one of the biggest threats to global health, with persisting uncertainty surrounding its prognosis and treatment standards. The onset of severe dengue fever, characterized by intense inflammation and the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, is currently the only well-established association with disease severity. Therefore, identifying and assessing both new and established biomarkers that can accurately predict the outcome of severe dengue fever is essential. Methods: In this study, 100 age-matched healthy controls and 100 hospitalized dengue patients positive for NS1 and IgM, with a mean age of 45 years (range: 22– 65), were examined. Potential biomarkers were analyzed using a Coulter counter, spectroscopy, and ELISA to determine their prognostic value in assessing dengue fever severityResults: Triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were significantly higher in severe dengue fever patients compared to controls (p<0.001). Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls (p<0.001). Albumin levels were 40.9% lower, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 422.1% higher, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were 435.6% higher in severe dengue fever patients compared to controls. Unlike HDL, oxidized HDL (oxHDL) levels were 160.4% higher in patients with severe dengue fever compared to controls. Still, the absolute levels of oxHDL did not exceed total HDL levels, as confirmed by corrected data. Conclusion: Oxidized HDL, combined with other lipoproteins, may provide an ideal panel of prognostic indicators that could guide the treatment of severe dengue fever and serve as reliable biomarkers for predicting disease outcomes
The role of genetic counselling in managing inherited disorders in neonates
The existence of inherited disorders among newborns creates substantial difficulties for perinatal healthcare organisations, leading to increased mortality rates and negative developmental outcomes, in addition to elevated morbidity. According to researchers, genetic counselling represents an essential interdisciplinary approach that enhances diagnostic processes and supports decision-making by working with families experiencing such conditions (Resta et al., 2006; Skirton and Patch, 2013). The management of inherited disorders in newborn infants through genetic counselling necessitates evaluation from various perspectives, including clinical administration, ethical considerations, and psychosocial challenges (Biesecker and Peters, 2001).Through a rigorous review of contemporary literature and clinical guidelines, this study delineates the responsibilities of genetic counsellors in risk assessment, interpretation of genomic data, emotional support, and interdisciplinary collaboration (Skirton and Patch, 2013). The research examines how genetic counselling contributes to early identification, presents various intervention strategies, and facilitates long-term family planning efforts (Ormond, 2013). Legal and ethical aspects are thoroughly analysed, with a focus on the informed consent process, cultural sensitivity, and the potential for genetic-based discrimination (Middleton, Morley and Parker, 2014). The article also addresses persistent challenges such as a shortage of trained professionals, inconsistency in practice standards, and complexities in genome interpretation (Abacan et al., 2019). Finally, it explores two emerging trends in the field: the integration of artificial intelligence in counselling tools and the expansion of genomic screening applications (Topol, 2019). This article advocates for the implementation of comprehensive genetic counselling services within standard neonatal care protocols, as these enhance clinical outcomes and support families in navigating complex genetic scenarios.
Engineering fungal extracellular vesicles: the next phase of nanobiotechnology and biofabrication
Fungal Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a critical frontier in nanobiotechnology and biofabrication, offering a dynamic interface between microbial biology and engineered nanosystems. These membrane-bound particles, actively secreted by fungi, are now recognised as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication, molecular transport, and host-pathogen interactions. Recent advances have underscored their structural diversity and molecular cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and secondary metabolites, which confer them the ability to modulate both microbial physiology and host responses. While EVs were traditionally viewed as passive by-products, evolving research has reframed them as programmable biological entities with vast potential for bioengineering. This article examines the next phase in fungal EVs science: the deliberate engineering of vesicles to serve as tailored tools for drug delivery, vaccine development, biosensor integration, and regenerative applications. Drawing upon synthetic biology and gene editing platforms, researchers are now designing EVs with custom cargo profiles and surface functionalities, enhancing their utility across clinical and industrial domains. Moreover, the biofabrication potential of engineered fungal EVs offers new pathways for creating sustainable nanomaterials and biologically active scaffolds. Despite these advances, significant hurdles persist, particularly concerning biosafety, immunogenicity, standardisation of production processes, and translational scalability. As the field evolves, interdisciplinary convergence with artificial intelligence (AI), multi-omics technologies, and microfluidics is set to amplify the precision and throughput of EVs engineering. Engineered fungal EVs are thus positioned not merely as passive nanocarriers, but as intelligent, responsive platforms within the broader nanobiotechnological ecosystem.
Engineered nanovesicles in biotechnology
Nanobiotechnology drug delivery platforms
Pneumonia and COPD in Middle Eastern Older Adults: Current Burden and Future Opportunities
Background: The Middle East is undergoing a demographic transformation marked by a rapidly expanding population of older adults, reshaping healthcare priorities and intensifying the burden of chronic and respiratory diseases. Among adults aged 60 years and above, pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain leading causes of morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality. These conditions frequently coexist, driven by high smoking rates and deteriorating air quality, both major regional risk factors. Objective: This paper adopts a health-systems perspective to analyse the burden of pneumonia and COPD among older adults in the Middle East and to evaluate the role and investment potential of digital health technologies in respiratory care management. Discussion The projected demographic shift is expected to place growing pressure on health infrastructures, with recurrent admissions, extended hospital stays and post-acute care needs contributing to rising cost burden. In response, governments across the region have begun prioritising ageing and chronic disease management within national health strategies, supported by advances in telemedicine, AI-assisted diagnostics and remote patient monitoring. These developments highlight increasing readiness to integrate digital tools into respiratory care pathways. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst, accelerating digital transformation across the region. Sustained innovation, regulatory facilitation and public-private collaboration, will position the Middle East to meet global standards in digital respiratory health and deliver more inclusive, connected care for its ageing population.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Case Report: Zoom Bleaching for Aesthetic Enhancement and Mental Well-Being in a 37-Year-Old Female with Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where individuals develop an overwhelming preoccupation with perceived flaws in their appearance. often leading to emotional distress and a diminished quality of life. Dental aesthetics, particularly concerns about tooth color, can be a significant trigger for individuals with BDD. This case report focuses on a 37-year-old female patient diagnosed with BDD, who was undergoing psychiatric therapy while expressing dissatisfaction with the discoloration of her teeth. Her belief that a brighter smile would improve her confidence and mental well-being led her to seek professional whitening treatment. Following a thorough clinical assessment, the patient underwent three cycles of Zoom bleaching, a widely recognized and effective tooth-whitening procedure. The treatment achieved a noticeable improvement in tooth shade, which aligned with the patient’s expectations. Beyond the aesthetic outcome, the patient reported a significant boost in her self-esteem and emotional outlook. Her psychiatrist also observed an improvement in her overall mental state, highlighting the positive psychological impact of the treatment. This case underscores the potential for cosmetic dental procedures to complement mental health interventions in individuals with BDD. It emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both the aesthetic and emotional needs of the patient, ultimately improving their quality of life.
Case Report of Bilateral Renal Agenesis (Potter S Syndrome) at 26 Weeks Gestational Age
Case Report: 19 Years Old PG Married For 1 Year, Her Husband Is Her Cousin. No Family History Of Congenital Anomalies, No Significant Past Medical History Nor Drug History. She As Referred For Anomaly Scan, The Pregnancy Was Uneventful Till Referral She Was On Good Antenatal Care Received Folic Acid Supplement. Ultrasound Findings: Single, Viable, Breech Presentation. Posterior High Placenta Anhydramnios GA By Ultrasound 26+3days (HC:28+6, FL:24+3, AC: 24+4) Congenital Anomalies: Hydrocephalus (Severe Ventriculomegaly Measuring 22cm, Normal Is <10cm Dilated Third Ventricle (6mm) Thalami Are Not Seen Well. Both Kidneys Show Features Of Multicystic Changes No Cortico-Medullary Differentiation. Bladder Filling Is Not Seen Conclusion A Picture Suggestive Of Bilateral Non-Functioning Kidneys. Hydrocephalus. No Major Anomaly Seen However Other Anomalies Can’t Be Excluded Due To Poor Visualization. Impressionvery Poor Outcome.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Applied Technology in Medical Sciences
The Functionality of Nano Biosensors in Detecting Lung Cancer: A Review
Nowadays, lung cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide and has the highest mortality rate among all types of cancers. Therefore, early diagnosis of this disease is of special importance. Due to the high cost and time requirements of traditional lung cancer detection methods, there has been a recent emphasis on developing more affordable and efficient alternatives. In recent years, significant progress in nanotechnology and the development of various nanomaterials has led to increased activity in the field. Recent studies suggest that graphene oxide nanomaterials have high potential for designing bio-nano sensors to detect lung cancer due to their unique properties. This research presents a biosensor based on a graphene oxide-DNA nanohybrid for identifying deletion mutations that cause lung cancer. The mutations are identified using a FAM-labeled DNA probe and fluorescence spectroscopy. Additionally, graphene oxide was synthesized based on Hamer’s method and verified using FT-IR, UV-Vis, and TEM imaging.”
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Applied Technology in Medical Sciences
Digital Engagement and Patient Acquisition in Dental Clinics: Insight from UAE Dentists
Social media has evolved into a fundamental communication and marketing tool in modern healthcare. For dental practices, these platforms serve not only to enhance visibility but also to foster trust, convey expertise, and influence patient decision-making. This study explores how social media marketing enhances patient flow in dental clinics located in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study involved in-depth interviews with ten dentists who actively use digital platforms for professional purposes. Through thematic analysis, five core themes emerged: trust building and credibility, content strategies for engagement, platform selection, barriers to digital marketing, and evaluating marketing performance. The findings highlight that while social media improves outreach and relationship building, challenges persist, particularly concerning time constraints, content saturation, and lack of data driven decision-making tools. Using Social Exchange Theory (SET) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as interpretive frameworks, this research provides theoretical insight and practical recommendations for optimizing digital dental marketing strategies in the UAE. The study contributes new knowledge to the field of healthcare marketing and offers evidence-based guidance for dentists seeking to adapt to the demands of a competitive, digitally driven market.
The Role of AI in Early Diagnosis, Management, and Clinical Research of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: Insights from GCC Immunologists
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (PIDs) are a family of approximately 450 rare disorders each with distinct diagnostic challenges because of their diverse clinical signs and the community's limited knowledge of them. Because of these challenges, patients receive their diagnoses later than optimal, tend to experience more complications, and generally receive suboptimal care. The correct and timely identification of patients with PIDs remains critical because it allows for a better prognosis as well as timely and effective management. The advancements in artificial intelligence, especially machine learning and natural language processing show potential to address current challenges in the early diagnosis of PIDs and the development of optimal management and research strategies. This study aims to investigate the perception of immunologists from GCC countries on the application of AI in the diagnosis and management of PID and in research to understand their level of awareness of AI, their perceptions of the usefulness of AI, and the major difficulties that might limit its adoption. The findings of this study can inform policy making, resource management, and strategy development for the incorporation of AI into PID care to improve patient outcomes.
Advancements in Clinical Trial Methodologies: A Century in Review
The evolution of clinical trial design methods over the past century has been profound, driven by the increasing complexity of medical research and technological advancements. Clinical trials have transitioned from simple, static designs to complex, adaptive methodologies, tailored to meet the demands of modern medicine. This review traces the historical development of core methodologies such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), explores modern innovations like adaptive, Bayesian, and platform designs, and discusses their strengths and limitations. It concludes with an analysis of current challenges and emerging trends, including the integration of artificial intelligence, big data, and personalized medicine, offering insights into the future of clinical trial methodology. Recent advancements highlight the role of decentralized and virtual trials, leveraging digital tools and data integration to streamline trial processes and improve accessibility. These innovations reflect a dynamic and rapidly evolving field, poised to transform healthcare and medical research in unprecedented ways.
Longitudinal Study: Patient-Reported Outcomes in Zirconia vs. PFM for Full Mouth Rehabilitation, 2 Years Follow up
Objective: This longitudinal study aims to explore patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and satisfaction levels among adults undergoing full mouth rehabilitation with zirconia and porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restorations. Methods: A total of 100 adult participants requiring comprehensive dental rehabilitation will be recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving zirconia restorations and the other receiving PFM restorations. Data collection will occur at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following rehabilitation. To evaluate patient experiences, validated questionnaires will be employed, including the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) to assess quality of life impacts, the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) for overall satisfaction, and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and comfort levels. Additionally, qualitative interviews will be conducted with a subset of participants to gain deeper insights into their experiences. Results: It is anticipated that patients receiving zirconia restorations will report significantly higher satisfaction levels and more favourable PROs compared to those with PFM restorations. Key determinants of satisfaction, including aesthetic appeal and comfort, are expected to emerge from qualitative analyses. Conclusion: This study aims to provide evidence-based insights that can guide clinical decisions regarding material selection in full mouth rehabilitation, underscoring the potential benefits of zirconia restorations in enhancing patient satisfaction
REHABILITATION BIOFEEDBACK FOR STRESS MANAGEMENT AND INDIVIDUAL WELL-BEING
In recent YEARS the study of psychophysiological processes with Biofeedback for people's well-being has grown significantly. Psychophysiological monitoring allows you to analyze these processes using instruments connected to the tablet via Bluetooth, detecting the degree of activation and deactivation of the functioning of the organism to give adequate responses to the body-mind relationship. It is important to have a good balance of our autonomic nervous system, divided into two parts described as follows: the sympathetic system has a stimulating function, preparing the organism to face situations, the parasympathetic system responsible for stimulating relaxation and energy storage. The body parameters considered in biofeedback are:1. respiratory act,2. the heartbeat,3. skin conductance,4. body temperature
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Applied Technology in Medical Sciences
Interactive GUI for Advanced Visualization and Volume Rendering of MRI Data: A MATLAB - Based Approach
This paper presents the development and evaluation of a graphical user interface (GUI) for visualizing and volume rendering MRI volumetric data using MATLAB. The GUI incorporates various techniques such as Maximum Intensity Projection, Minimum Intensity Projection, Isosurface, Slice Planes, Gradient Opacity, Orthogonal Slice View, and Slice View to enhance the usability of the system for different viewing styles. The project aims to facilitate the visualization of MRI data for clinical staff, offering functionalities to load abdominal, brain tumor, and heart images and apply desired visualization techniques. Through MATLAB code and the GUI, the project successfully achieved the desired results, meeting the expectations outlined in the project objectives. Challenges encountered during GUI design were addressed, and potential areas for improvement and future research were identified. The paper highlights the significance of the developed GUI in modern medicine, emphasizing its potential to improve diagnostics, treatment planning, and medical education. Overall, this project contributes valuable insights into MATLAB GUI development and its applications in medical imaging, laying the groundwork for further advancements in this field.
Rathke’s cleft cyst as a rare sellar, parasellar mass lesion with sign andsymptoms of pituitary adenoma. Case presentation and review of literature.
Rathke's cleft cysts exist as non-neoplastic lesions of the sellar and suprasellar regions that can eventually become large enough to induce compressive effects with subsequent symptomology. Most cases, however, are asymptomatic and are only detected during autopsy. The first incidence of a symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst was described in 1931. Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts may be associated with both neurological and endocrine abnormalities. In this paper Rathke’s cleft cysts in sella and parasellar region to be discussed as a symptomatic lesion, etiology, pathophysiology and its sign and symptoms. Case presentation and review of literature for the differential diagnosis, imaging findings, and treatment plans are the main objectives of this paper.
Outcome Of Antenatal CARE PLANNED VBAC Versus Unplanned VBAC
Background: The primary target when setting policies in obstetrics and gynaecology is gaining successful delivery with the minimum feto-maternal adverse outcome. Studying the difference between planned and unplanned vaginal birth after caesarean section expected to serve such goal by monitoring and evaluating the possible risks in unplanned VBAC such as risk of rupture uterus and other relevant complication. Materials: all pregnant women with one previous caesarean section planned for VBAC either in the ANC or labour pain. Results: A total of 245pregnant women had been enrolled in this study. The age of both groups found to be similar to each other. the education level had significant effect on the type of delivery in group A the majority of the women was university graduate while in group B who were unplanned for VBAC the majority are secondary. Most of both groups are from urban area. In group A, most of the patient parity are vary between I-IV as follow (87.6%) while in group B I_IV (84.6%). Group A had high visit rate for ANC most of them went to referral clinic (51.1%). While in group B (68.9%) went to health center. The commonest indication for a previous CS was failure to progress in both groups. The success rate of VBAC in both groups was similar (68%) in group A while in group B (67%). the commonest type of previous C/S was emergencies in both groups. In group A (94%) had been counseled for VBAC and majority was counseled by registrar while the majority in group B had not been counseled for VBAC.The maternal outcome in group A was (1.4%) for PPH & (1.4%) for uterine rupture while in group B (1%) for PPH and (2.9%) for uterine rupture and the majority of both groups had no complication. The neonatal outcome in group planned for VBAC was good (99%) alive baby while in group B (7%) had FSB. Group B recorded much rate admitted to ICU (18%). Conclusion: The study highlighted that the success rates of VBAC in planned group were significantly higher than the unplanned group. There was no significant different in the maternal morbidity, the neonatal outcome in group planned for VBAC was better than in group B. Group B recorded much rate admitted to NICU among them the birth asphyxia was high than group planned for VBAC.
Effect Of Different Motivational Factors On The Academic Performance Of Foundation Year Students At The University Of Sharjah
Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between foundation-year GPA -as a measure of academic performance- with different types of motivating factors towards studying medicine among students at the University of Sharjah. Methodology: the study used a cross sectional design with a target population of 158 students at the university of Sharjah college of Medicine, 45 students were included in the study by means of convenience sampling, measurement of intrinsic and extrinsic factors’ prevalence was conducted by a self-designed, self-administered questionnaire with elements from the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Questionnaires were administered prior to a PBL session conducted in December 2018. 13 responses were discarded due to incomplete responses. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS 25. Results: out of 32 respondents (43.8% of which were males and 56.3% females), findings suggest a stronger correlation between extrinsic factors (0.208) -materialistic factors more specifically- and higher academic performance in relation to intrinsic factors (-0.191). A strong association between intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors was found indicating their confounding influence with no apparent extreme predomination (p<0.01). No significant correlations were found relating specific motivational factor prevalence with gender. Conclusions: extrinsic motivational factors play a bigger role in enhancing medical students’ academic performance than intrinsic factors.
Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women in Khartoum City – Sudan: A cross sectional study.
Background: During pregnancy, women are exposed to many psychological and physical changes and health problems, and the most prominent thing they face is anemia or anemia caused by a lack of iron level in the body. Research problem: Anemia is a condition in which there is a deficiency in the number of red blood cells, and anemia during pregnancy is determined by performing routine pregnancy tests. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Khartoum Educational Hospital in Sudan between 2021 and 20122 Objectives: The current study aims to find out the prevalence of anemia and its accompanying factors among pregnant women. The study also aims to identify the extent of anemia among pregnant mothers in different periods of pregnancy, as well as to identify the extent to which pregnant mothers use and maintain iron vitamins. Results: The study sample consisted of 50 pregnant women, and through Table 1, we find that the ages of the study sample members less than 20 years old are equal to 2 by 4%, as well as the study sample members whose ages range from 21 to 25 years equals 6 by 12%, while the study sample members are the most frequent They are pregnant mothers in the age group from 31 to 35 years, where their number is 24 and their percentage is 48%, which is the highest percentage in the study Conclusions: Through the results and discussions of the study, we found this study revealed that the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was relatively high compared to the findings of other reports in khartoum city. The age were statisticaly significant associated factors with anemia in this study