International Journal of Civilizations Studies & Tolerance Sciences
The mission of the International Journal of Civilizations Studies & Tolerance Sciences (IJCSTS) is to significantly enrich and expand understanding across a wide range of disciplines within the field of civilization studies and tolerance sciences. The journal serves as an intellectual platform dedicated to advancing the study of human societies, cultures, and the principles of coexistence, with a particular emphasis on fostering mutual understanding and respect across diverse groups.
Moral Authenticity, Interfaith Dialogue, and Soft Power in the UAE
This paper traces the evolution of the United Arab Emirates’ strong public emphasis on interfaith dialogue from the pragmatic bestowal of rights for workers and guests to a consciously articulated doctrine of coexistence. It argues that while the UAE’s initiatives in tolerance and religious coexistence arise from authentic Islamic and ethical convictions, they also function as deliberate instruments of soft power serving three overlapping purposes: consolidating domestic cohesion within a multi-faith society, enhancing the country’s global reputation and tourism appeal, and strengthening international partnerships. Drawing on official policy statements, government programs, and academic literature, the paper demonstrates that the UAE’s model of institutionalized tolerance represents a synthesis of conviction and calculation rather than a contradiction between them. It contends that moral sincerity and strategic interest reinforce one another and produce a distinctive form of moral statecraft.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Civilizations Studies & Tolerance Sciences
مقاربة سوسيولوجية للقيم الاجتماعية ودورها في بناء حضارة السلم ونبد العنف في المجتمع المغربي
تهدف هذه الورقة العلمية إلى مقاربة القيم الاجتماعية سوسيولوجيا (دلالاتها، ابعادها وسماتها وقياسها)، والى تسليط الضوء على الدور المحوري الذي تلعبه القيم الاجتماعية في تشكيل المجتمعات والحضارات، مع التركيز بشكل خاص على نموذج التجربة المغربية، وتستعرض هذه الورقة العلمية أهمية القيم الاجتماعية في بناء التماسك الاجتماعي، وتأثيرها على سلوك الأفراد، وتبرز قيمة السلم ونبذ العنف كأحد أهم القيم التي ميزت المجتمع المغربي، وساهمت في بنائه الحضاري واستمراره لقرون عديدة. وقد اعتمد البحث في الموضوع على المنهج التاريخي الوصفي التحليلي لفهم القيم الاجتماعية سوسيولوجيا من جهة، ولاستكشاف عمل ودور القيم الاجتماعية في المجتمع من جهة أخرى، وقد تم الاستعانة بمجموعة من المصادر التاريخية والسوسيولوجية، لتقديم صورة شاملة عن قيمة السلم ونبد العنف خاصة، عند القبائل المغربية وتجلياتها في الواقع المعاش. أظهرت الدراسة أن القيم الاجتماعية تلعب دورًا حاسمًا في تشكيل هوية المجتمع وتوجيه سلوك أفراده، كما أبرزت أن قيم السلم ونبذ العنف كانت من أهم القيم التي سادت المجتمع المغربي على مر التاريخ، مما ساهم في بناء إمبراطورية مزدهرة وقادرة على التعايش مع مختلف الثقافات. إن القيم الاجتماعية تشكل ركيزة أساسية لبناء مجتمعات قوية ومتماسكة. وفي ظل التحديات التي تواجهها المجتمعات المعاصرة، يصبح فهم القيم الأصيلة وتطويرها أمراً بالغ الأهمية. وفي حالة المجتمع المغربي، فإن الحفاظ على قيم السلم ونبذ العنف يمثل ضمانة لاستمرار التقدم والازدهار.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Civilizations Studies & Tolerance Sciences
Understanding and Harnessing Trust in Faith Spaces to Address Structural Inequalities
Structural inequalities, the pervasive disparities in wealth, resources, and access to services, continue to produce negative outcomes for marginalized and minoritized communities. This article examines how faith spaces can be leveraged as inclusive dialogic environments to help address such inequalities. We build on the concept of dialogic spatiality to explore how trust in both the institutions and individuals facilitating community dialogue underpins engagement and outcomes in faith-based social action programs. The study draws on three case studies in the United Kingdom, where faith-based initiatives targeted what are often regarded as “hard to reach” groups to improve health outcomes or social integration. Findings indicate that participants’ trust is fostered by shared values in faith settings, the hyper-local presence of faith institutions, and pre-existing social networks, leading to engagement in ways not achieved by secular or statutory approaches. However, trust does not automatically transfer to public agencies unless those agencies actively participate and build relationships. The paper offers an original contribution by applying interpersonal and organisational trust frameworks to faith-led interventions, demonstrating how trusted community spaces function as “safe spaces” for critical conversations and as bridges to formal services. Practical recommendations are provided for co-designing interventions with faith-based organisations, making public services more accessible, and ultimately advancing equity and social cohesion.
Food Security and GHG Knowledge Gaps in Aquaponic Grow Systems
The increasing pressures of climate change, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation necessitate a paradigm shift towards sustainable food production systems. Aquaponics, an integrated cultivation method combining aquaculture and hydroponics, emerges as a promising solution, embodying the principles of a circular economy. However, the utilisation of aquaponics, especially under changing climatic and resource-depleting conditions, as well as its contribution towards global greenhouse gas emissions, has been little discussed. Therefore, this study examines how aquaponics addresses the limitations imposed by climate change by enabling food production on non-arable lands, including urban areas, and potentially reducing greenhouse gas emissions, carbon, water, and energy footprints compared to traditional farming for equivalent yields. The study further examines technological advancements, socio-economic benefits such as localised food systems and job creation, as well as the inherent challenges and limitations of aquaponics. Likewise, innovative waste management strategies, particularly the utilisation of fish sludge as a valuable resource, are discussed and evaluated. In conclusion, if considered and utilised to its full potential, aquaponics has the potential to make a significant contribution to a more sustainable and resilient global food system in the face of growing environmental and resource constraints.
Bridging Faiths and Economies: The Dynamic Tolerance Nexus between the United Arab Emirates and India
This article explores the multifaceted relationship of tolerance between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and India, highlighting its unique interfaith dynamics and significant economic and social benefits. Despite being an Islamic country and a Hindu-majority nation, their bilateral ties exemplify religious tolerance that transcends Abrahamic boundaries. This is especially notable amid regional tensions with Pakistan, a Muslim-majority adversary of India. The study examines institutional frameworks, cultural exchanges, and partnerships in renewable energy, infrastructure, and technology, emphasizing the UAE’s strategic use of tolerance as soft power. A landmark symbol of this relationship is the BAPS Hindu Mandir in Abu Dhabi, inaugurated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2024, representing the UAE’s first traditional Hindu temple, which strengthens cultural connectivity for the large Indian resident population. Economically, robust direct investments and trade flows—with the UAE as one of India’s top investors—have accelerated economic diversification and resilience. Socially, this partnership fosters community cohesion, cross-cultural understanding, and diaspora engagement, enhancing regional stability. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data, the article argues that the UAE-India tolerance model offers a novel paradigm for interfaith cooperation, providing vital insights for leveraging religious diversity to drive sustainable development and geopolitical harmony in the 21st century.
ديبلوماسية المدن كآلية لتعزيز الاعتراف الدولي بسيادة المغرب على أقاليمه الجنوبية: اتفاقيات التوأمة والتعاون نموذجا
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد وفهم ديبلوماسية المدن كشكلٍ خاص من أشكال الديبلوماسية الموازية وكآلية لتعزيز الاعتراف الدولي بسيادة المغرب على أقاليمه الجنوبية، عبر اتفاقيات التوأمة والتعاون مع مختلف مدن بلدان العالم، والتي تعد بوابة لتعزيز التعايش والحوار بين الحضارات. مع العلم، أن هناك نقصٌ كبير في الأبحاث حول هذا الموضوع، ولذلك أجريت هذه الدراسة حول اتفاقيات التوأمة في أربعة مدن بالأقاليم الجنوبية المغربية (الداخلة، العيون، السمارة، بوجدور)، عبر تجميع المعطيات الخاصة بالمدن والدول التي تجمعها اتفاقيات توأمة مع المدن موضوع الدراسة، ومحور تلك الاتفاقيات. وبناءً على النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها، يمكن الاستنتاج أن جل اتفاقيات التوأمة التي أبرمتها مدن الأقاليم الجنوبية مع نظيراتها الأجنبية تقتصر جلها على عدد قليل من اتفاقيات الشراكة مع مدن بأوروبا الغربية وأمريكا الشمالية على الخصوص مع ضعف تنوع محاور الشراكة، مما قد يقلص من فعالية ديبلوماسية المدن في تعزيز الترافع حول مبادرة الحكم الذاتي بالأقاليم الجنوبية المغربية وتشجيع الاستثمارات الأجنبية بالمنطقة.
حوار الحضارات عند روجيه غارودي: قراءة في ضوء القرن الحادي والعشرين
تتناول هذه الدراسة نظرية حوار الحضارات للفيلسوف الفرنسي روجيه غارودي في سياق القرن الحادي والعشرين، حيث تسعى لتفكيك الأبعاد الفكرية والسياسية والدينية التي شكلت مسار هذه النظرية. وقد تم اعتماد المنهجين التاريخي والوصفي في تحليل السياقات المتعددة التي ساهمت في بلورة النظرية، بدءً من مسيرة غارودي الفكرية وتحوّلاته العقائدية، وصولًا إلى التنظير الفلسفي لمفهوم الحوار كبديل لنظرية صراع الحضارات. كما تستعرض الدراسة أثر النظرية على الحقل التربوي والفكري، وتسلط الضوء على علاقتها بالتحولات العالمية في الخطاب الثقافي والديني. وتخلص إلى أن نظرية غارودي تمثل مشروعًا إنسانيًا يتطلب تأصيلًا وتفعيلًا في سياقات التعليم والأدب والحوار العالمي.
سمات التعايش الإنساني والتأثير الثقافي في الحضارة العربية الأندلسية
تسعى هذه المقالة إلى دحض وجهات النظر القائلة بأن كل ما هو ديني يحتكر الحقيقة ويتسبب في خلق حالات من العنف وانتشار مظاهر الكراهية واستعباد الإنسان والحط من إنسانيته، وهو ما يؤدى إلى إيجاد شرخ كبير بين الشرق والغرب، وبين الحضارة الإسلامية عموما وباقي الحضارات، غير أن الغوص في التراث الإسلامي الأندلسي أكد عدم صواب هذا الاتجاه، من هنا جاء اختيارنا لموضوع سمات التعايش الإنساني والتأثير الثقافي في الحضارة العربية الأندلسية، كون هذا التراث يتضمن جوانب هامة تثبت وجود تعايش بين مختلف المكونات الدينية في كنف الحضارة الإسلامية الأندلسية واقتباس مظاهر تطورها المادي واللامادي وتكريم الإنسان وتعزيز العمل المشترك بغض النظر عن العقيدة الدينية. وتتوزع هذه المقالة لمبحثين، بالإضافة إلى مقدمة وخاتمة، خصصنا المبحث الأول للحديث المشترك الإنساني بالأندلس من خلال مظاهر الزواج المختلط، أما المبحث الثاني فقد تناولنا فيه المشترك الإنساني بالأندلس على الصعيدين اللغوي والفني. وقد اعتمدنا في ذلك على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، بالإضافة إلى المنهج التاريخي الذي يستحضر السياقات التاريخية لإنتاج المعرفة وتطورها.
The Moral and Economic Advantages of the Religious Tolerance Policy of the United Arab Emirates
study critically examines the moral and economic advantages of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)’s policy of religious tolerance, integral to the nation’s socio-political cohesion and economic diversification strategies. The purpose is to explore how religious tolerance functions both as an ethical imperative and a pragmatic mechanism fostering social harmony and economic growth in a culturally plural society. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative policy analysis with quantitative assessment of socio-economic data, including foreign direct investment trends, tourism inflows, and diversification metrics, sourced from UAE government reports and international religious freedom indices. Results demonstrate that the UAE’s institutionalized commitment to religious tolerance promotes interfaith dialogue, minority protection, and national identity consolidation, which collectively enhance social stability and political legitimacy. Economically, tolerance improves the UAE’s attractiveness to international investors and tourists, evidenced by significant increases in foreign direct investment and tourism revenues over the past decade. These financial inflows contribute to reducing dependence on hydrocarbon revenues and reinforce sustainable economic resilience. In conclusion, the UAE’s religious tolerance policy offers a compelling integration of moral commitment and economic pragmatism, social cohesion while enhancing the nation’s global competitiveness and long-term prosperity, and provides valuable lessons for pluralistic societies seeking inclusive development and stability.
Redefining Arab identity as an open project in a world
This research explores the necessity of redefining Arab identity as an open project, particularly in a contemporary landscape where conventional meanings disintegrate under the pressures of packaged identities and conflicting linguistic affiliations. By addressing the central question of how this reformation can promote inclusivity and dialogue, the study employs qualitative methodologies, including interviews, surveys, and an analysis of current cultural narratives, to capture the diverse perceptions and lived experiences surrounding Arab identity. Key findings reveal a significant desire among participants for a flexible identity framework that embraces pluralism and fosters intercultural communication, challenging the prevailing notion of a monolithic Arab identity. These insights not only highlight the potential for redefining identity in a more inclusive manner but also underline the critical implications for healthcare, where understanding cultural identity can enhance patient-provider interactions and contribute to more equitable healthcare delivery. The broader impact of this research suggests that by reconceptualizing Arab identity as a dynamic project, stakeholders in the healthcare field can better address the complexities of cultural identity, improve health outcomes, and cultivate a more cohesive society. Ultimately, this study advocates for an ongoing dialogue around identity that can contribute to both personal and collective well-being within diverse populations.
Acquiring through Letting Go the Bikkurim Commandment and the Foundations of Private Property
The legitimacy of private property is a fundamental question in both economic theory and Jewish thought, as it seeks to resolve the paradox of how mortal beings can claim ownership over a world ultimately belonging to its eternal Creator. Jewish economic thought asserts that all private ownership derives from divine ownership and necessitates acknowledgment of this reality. This issue extends beyond theology, intersecting with modern political and economic discourse. This paper explores the similarities and differences between Jewish and Western philosophical perspectives on property by comparing John Locke’s theories of private ownership with Talmudic concepts found in Tractate Bikkurim of the Jerusalem Talmud. While both frameworks view creation as a divine blessing, Locke perceives it as an invitation for individuals to establish ownership through labor, promoting economic growth without intrinsic moral constraints. In contrast, the Talmud emphasizes a necessary transition between divine and human domains, advocating for limitations on ownership and wealth accumulation. It warns that unchecked human ambition endangers both individuals and society, upholding humility, restraint, and the relinquishment of absolute ownership as a moral imperative. By juxtaposing these perspectives, this study aims to enrich contemporary economic discourse and foster a deeper understanding of the ethical dimensions of property rights, as a venue to increase tolerance and understanding between religions, societies and civilizations.
الحكم الذاتي: المفاهيم والنماذج والتحديات
أصبح الحكم الذاتي الخيار المفضل لدى العديد من الدول عبر العالم لإدارة ومواجهة الصراعات والنزعات الانفصالية وكإطار لتعزيز التعايش داخل المجتمعات، عبر توفيره حكمًا ذاتيًا خاصًا للأقليات المتمركزة إقليميًا. وبدلاً من كونه مؤسسة قائمة بذاتها، غالبًا ما تتم دراسة الحكم الذاتي كشكل من أشكال اللامركزية والفيدرالية أو كنقطة نهاية في عمليات بناء السلام. وللمساعدة في التوضيح المفاهيمي للحكم الذاتي وإظهار نماذجه وتطبيقات المتنوعة، يحلل هذا البحث النماذج والاستخدامات المتنوعة للحكم الذاتي الإقليمي (الحكم الذاتي الديمقراطي، وما بعد الصراع، والمتداخل، والإداري، والثابت والديناميكي). مع الإشارة إلى أهم التحديات التي تواجهه في ظل النظام العالمي.
صنع السلام بين الاسرائيليين والفلسطينيين وفق أراء الحاخامات: موقف الحاخام عوبديا يوسف أنموذجا
النزاع الإسرائيلي-الفلسطيني: تحليل أكاديمي للبعد الديني يُعَدُّ النزاع الإسرائيلي-الفلسطيني مثالاً على صراع الهوية الذي يشتمل على نزاع حول العنصر الموضوعي المتمثل في الأرض، إلى جانب عناصر الهوية الذاتية مثل التاريخ والثقافة، وفوق كل ذلك – الدين. على مرّ السنين، لم تُولِ عملية السلام السياسية اهتماماً كافياً للعنصر الديني في النزاع، ويبدو أن هذا الأمر قد أضرَّ بها. نسعى إلى توجيه الانتباه إلى الموقف الديني للشريعة اليهودية تجاه عملية السلام، بهدف المساعدة في ترسيخها في المستقبل. تقدم هذه الدراسة موقفاً شرعياً حول إحدى القضايا المحورية في صنع السلام بين إسرائيل والفلسطينيين: اتفاقية "الأرض مقابل السلام" – هل هي مسموحة أم محظورة، وتحت أيّ شروط. أولاً، تستعرض الدراسة مكانة أرض إسرائيل في الديانة اليهودية. ثم تبحث المسألة من خلال التركيز على شخصية وفتاوى الحاخام عوفاديا يوسف، الذي كان الحاخام الأكبر في إسرائيل(1973-1983) وأحد أهم الفقهاء في العالم اليهودي في الجيل الأخير، والذي أجاز اتفاقيات السلام القائمة على مبدأ "الأرض مقابل السلام"، على الرغم من اختلاف العديد من الحاخامات معه في هذا الرأي. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى رسم مسار ممكن للحصول على دعم شرعي من الحاخامات لعملية السلام من أجل المساعدة في التوصل إلى اتفاقية سلام مستدامة.
Intercultural Fashion and its Contribution to Women Empowerment in Refugee Camps in the Middle East; Refugee Artisan Collaborations by Fashion Brands
This research paper focuses on the concept of intercultural fashion and its contribution to women's Empowerment in refugee camps in the Middle East. It outlines the alternative and possible solutions in establishing economic and social opportunities for refugee women. It then attempts to analyze how international fashion brands contribute to the lives of refugee women while emphasizing the significance of Feminist Theory in International Relations to understand the broader consequences of gender and power-changing aspects. By analyzing partnerships between global fashion enterprises and artisans, the study will highlight how these collaborations can be a possible solution to promote economic growth, cultural preservation and social incorporation for displaced women. This paper also explores the influence of fashion as a tool for Empowerment and its alignment with the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals.
refugee camps and women in the Middle East
الحق في الاختلاف في التراث العربي الاسلاميـ التراث الكلامي نموذجا ـ
تسعى هذه الورقة إلى معرفة طبيعة الصورة التي نسجها مفكرونا القدامى حول الآخر المختلف معهم من خارج المعتقد الإسلامي، ذلك أن مقاربة هذه الصورة يمكن أن تمدنا بقدر نعتقد أنه من الأهمية بما كان بخصوص قضية الحق في الاختلاف والاعتراف بالآخر الغير مسلم كطرف مختلف لا يمكن بأي حال من الأحوال العمل على رفضه أو إقصائه. تفترض الدراسة أن مفكرينا القدامى كانوا يدركون أهمية المناظرة والجدل مع الآخر المختلف وفق قواعد ومناهج ساهمت إلى حد كبير في إثراء ثقافتنا العربية الاسلامية، وذلك من خلال امتلاكهم لفكر الاختلاف والاعتراف بالآخر المختلف دون رميه بالكفر أو قتله، بل التعايش معه والانفتاح على ثقافته وإنسانياته المختلفة.فهل يمكن أن نجد بالفعل في تراثنا العربي الاسلامي ما يمكن أن يكون سندا لنا في هذه الدعوى؟ وإلى أي حد استطاع المفكر في ثقافتنا العربية الاسلامية أن يدفع بالاختلاف نحو مسالك الحوار الثقافي بين الحضارات والتشارك الديموقراطي والتعايش بين الديانات والإنسانيات؟
Therapeutic Implications of Ahkam al Tajweed
This study aims to determine how the Ahkaam al-Tajweed, a set of rules applied during the memorization of the Quran is a science towards speech and voice regulation. Adherence to these rules while memorizing the Quran improves articulation and regulates the voice. Physical observations were done on certain students and transformations were seen. The results indicate that students who previously faced speech and articulation problems showed transformation after beginning Quran memorization while adhering to Tajweed rules. Voice and speech disorders can be classified into three: functional, neurological, and organic. This study primarily focuses on the issues managed solely by the Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP), particularly those treated through functional therapy approaches. There are various approaches to treating functional disorders, such as learning to reduce the rate of speech, opening the mouth more than usual, or vocal chanting. These practices are inherently integrated into the Ahkam al-Tajweed rules, which are obligatory during the recitation and memorization of the Quran. However, certain organic and neurological speech and voice disorders may require management by professionals other than an SLP, such as an ENT physician, who may address the issue through surgical intervention.
The Untapped Potential of City Diplomacy in Peacebuilding in the Mena Region
Cities can play a significant role in international relations and in building bridges between peoples. This paper examines the role of cities and “city diplomacy” in promoting peace in the MENA region, particu- larly in light of current challenges and the ongoing reality of tension and war. Drawing from Ibn Khaldun, it highlights the significance of cities as cultural and economic hubs capable of fostering trust among diverse populations. With a focus on the rise of mega-cities, the article argues that urban centers hold unique potential for bridging intercultural gaps through “soft” diplomacy. By analyzing sister-city agree- ments and city networks, the paper argues that cities can shape a new regional narrative of solidarity. Case studies of Abu Dhabi, Essaouira, and Haifa demonstrate how city diplomacy can promote toler- ance and multiculturalism. The paper concludes that cities can play a pivotal role in building sustainable regional peace in the MENA region.
UAE Tolerance Framework as a Base for Coexistence in a Multicultural Society
The foundational elements of a tolerance ecosystem encompass policy formulation, educational initiatives, and collaborative partnerships. It underscores the pivotal role of the Ministry of Tolerance and Coexistence in orchestrating systemic efforts towards fostering societal transformation. By synergistically leveraging governmental mandates, educational interventions, and multi-stakeholder collaborations, societies aspire towards realizing a more inclusive and harmonious social order anchored in the ethos of tolerance. This study used an exploratory qualitative research method with interviews. The qualitative data were analyzed using the Braun & Clarke (2006) six-phase framework for thematic analysis. Based on the previous literature findings and the findings from the conducted interviews that we discussed above, the framework has been proposed with 3 main categories for the tolerance ecosystem: policies and strategic plan, promotional content, and partners ( stakeholders ) collaboration, which all empower tolerance directly influencing quality of life and building an inclusive society.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Civilizations Studies & Tolerance Sciences
Exploring the Rise of Populism Across Borders and Its Implications for Global Cooperation
This paper examines the phenomenon of populism and its far-reaching implications for domestic politics and international relations. Following the aftermath of second world war, liberal democracies emerged as stable forms of government, emphasizing individual rights, consensus-building, and the rule of law. However, the rise of populism in recent decades has challenged these established norms, with populist leaders presenting themselves as champions of the people's will against perceived elites and entrenched institutions. Through an analysis of historical contexts and contemporary case studies, including the political trajectories of leaders like Marine Le Pen in France and Hugo Chavez in Venezuela, we explore the diverse manifestations of populism and its impact on democratic governance, social cohesion, and global cooperation. We delve into the complexities of populism's appeal, examining its roots in socio-economic inequalities, cultural anxieties, and disillusionment with traditional political establishments. Furthermore, we investigate the strategies employed by populist leaders to mobilize support and undermine democratic institutions, highlighting the tensions between populism and liberal democratic values such as pluralism, tolerance, and the protection of minority rights. By elucidating the multifaceted dynamics of populism and its far-reaching consequences, this paper aims to provide insights into the challenges facing contemporary societies and the imperative for inclusive, responsive governance in an increasingly interconnected world. Findings: In exploring populism across different contexts, several key findings emerge populist leaders prioritize popular interests over individual rights, impacting political discourse and institutional trust long after their terms; their rise in influential countries can disrupt global organizations like the UN and NATO; while populism can shed light on social issues, it often exhibits authoritarian tendencies. Charismatic figures like Andreas Papandreou in Greece and Hugo Chavez in Venezuela illustrate how populist rhetoric challenges established norms and shapes political landscapes. Marine Le Pen's emergence in France highlights the influence of nationalist rhetoric on multiculturalism and democracy in Europe. The intricate relationship between globalization and populism reflects economic and cultural tensions, necessitating policymakers' attention to foster inclusive societies while preserving democratic values and social cohesion.
Exploring Leadership approaches of Women in Climate Justice: Pathways to Impact and Empowerment
This paper will examine the role of women in promoting peace through leadership in the climate justice space; through building an inclusive climate movement to tackle the triple planetary crisis facing the globe. Studies reflect that marginalised populations are disproportionately affected by climate change and environmental degradation, particularly indigenous communities and women, despite contributing the least to climate catastrophe. Women are among the 32.6 million climate migrants and refugees each year, who are in turn, at risk of experiencing gender-based violence. Standing at the frontlines of the triple planetary crisis, women are ideally placed to take up leadership roles within efforts toward achieving climate justice and a sustainable future. Women serve as primary caregivers, often responsible for providing food and water security, sustaining families and households in climate-affected regions. They are the first guardians and caretakers of our youth, possessing the necessary emotional depth, compassion, and maternal instinct to promote the values underpinning climate justice, which at its core, advocate for the sustenance of Mother Earth through an empathetic lens. Women, at the helm of community development and holistic wellbeing, are integral to building peaceful global communities through forming compassionate networks of changemakers, leaders and entrepreneurs adopting sustainable livelihood approaches. Following a conference on “Women, Religion and Climate Change, working together to move faster on climate change” which took place at Wilton Park in the UK in September 2023, an official report of findings and recommendations was produced, highlighting the real-life experiences, opportunities, and challenges within this arena. This report will serve as a key case study for this paper, drawing on discussions and focus groups among the diverse multi-lateral participants, influencers, and faith leaders present at this event. This paper will consider emerging approaches related to female leadership including the capability approach, the whole community approach, and the Islamic concept of Maslaha [Maslaha is an Arabic word, which means public interest]. These approaches also promote peaceful and sustainable societies and communities.
M-learning and autonomous education: the impact of the Moroccan digital classroom project on science subject’s learning
The widespread adoption of pedagogical digitalization and its integration into teaching practices has been proposed in response to the global health crisis triggered by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. This suggestion, aimed at ensuring inclusivity and equal opportunities among learners, has profoundly influenced education. In 2021, the Moroccan Minister of National Education for Preschool and Sport announced a significant step forward by launching the digital classroom project, combining distance and face-to-face learning models with digital tools to guarantee the continuity of educational systems in Moroccan institutions. The project specifically aims to strengthen the learning of science subjects (Mathematics, Life and Earth Sciences, and Physics) to secure ongoing education in the face of potential future disruptions. This digital pedagogical revolution has emerged as a highly suitable learning method for diverse social groups (such as people with disabilities and refugees) and various challenging circumstances (natural disasters, wars, pandemics…). The research outlined in this context seeks to assess the impact of combining the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital classrooms on the performance of science subjects in the Rabat Sale Kenitra region, providing insights into the evolving educational landscape.
Managing Multi-Ethnicity in China, Challenges at Home and Abroad
China is unique compared to ancient civilizations due to its 3000-year written history that witnessed the succession of many dynasties, beside its geographic extent, which borders 14 countries. The vast geographic size of China on the Asian continent led some to say that Asia is more Chinese than China is Asian. This was due in part to the political authoritarianism imposed by spreading Confucianism throughout the Asian continent. While China represented the edge of the heart of the world in the theory of Mackinder, the present day says that it is gradually moving towards the center. Politically, China is considered one of the last strongholds of communism in its Chinese version, with a one-party system (the Chinese Communist Party) still in place. The claim that China is a communist state does not deny the existence of capitalist features that are coupled with the state-directed economy, where the state controls about 65% of production. Socially, China is known for its diversity of races and ethnicities, with 56 ethnic groups in which the Han ethnicity dominates with about 1.286 billion people, which is 91.11% of the country's population of approximately 1.411 billion people as announced in May 2021. The rest of the population is distributed among 55 minorities. These minorities vary between Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Taoists, Tibetans, and others, including 10 Muslim minorities.
Enhancing Students’ intercultural competences through University Academic Training
The present paper aims to exhibit the benefit of intercultural educational courses in enhancing University students’ global understanding, tolerance, and inclusive social engagement. The paper displays the academic description, objectives, and implementation of the practices of the intercultural educational courses. The courses are inserted as major modules in undergraduate college studies. The case study analyzed within this experiment relates to the module entitled “Intercultural Communication”, which is part of a program that runs over three years entitled “Applied Languages in Culture” at Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco. The paper analyses quantitatively and qualitatively the attitudes and performances of undergraduate students having trained in how to succeed in communication in extreme intercultural contexts where different religions, traditions, and beliefs are encountered. Homework tasks, tests, exams, cultural exchange, and student-oriented surveys are analyzed and studied. The results produced by the immersion of intercultural courses in the university academic programs reveal that the graduated students succeed not only in being well integrated in their own cultural community but also in raising their chances of being hired in touristic companies where people from different cultures meet and interact. Such is the case of the graduates in intercultural communication taking place in Marrakech, which is a highly renowned touristic city.
The Ethical Line Connecting Hieroglyphics to Hyperlinks
In this day and age, societies are disrupted and their order is unraveled at an unprecedented pace due to accelerating technological and societal change. Millions of people and countless communities are faced with hitherto unknown and complex conditions, on a breathtaking scale. This reality requires creating more societal knowledge, faster than ever before. Such knowledge-creation will be significantly enhanced if it relies on civilizational dialogue and shared wisdom across religious, national, ethnic, and political lines. This article points to a surprisingly inspiring story in contending with such challenges – which is the biblical story about the gladiatorial clash in ancient Egypt between Pharaoh, the demi-god representing polytheism and ancient Egypt’s caste-based society; and Moses, the teacher-leader of the enslaved Hebrews, representing monotheism and the ethos of natural universal human rights. That clash was a turning point in human history because the victory of monotheism over idolatry allowed for the inception and evolution of constitutional and legal systems that were based on the notion of fundamental equality among all humans. Moses is one of the most influential historical figures in human history, whose legacy continues to inspire billions of Muslims, Christians, Jews, and others. The issues that underlie his bout with Pharaoh – justice vs. idolatry, equality vs. privilege, and freedom vs. bondage – continue to challenge and shape our modern societies. Therefore, Moses’s outlook remains the cornerstone of any modern worldview that embraces diversity and advances tolerance.
Evaluating the dynamic interaction between the defence / security policy of the US, UN, and Western Sahara
The Western Sahara region has been a source of complex political dispute between Morocco and other parties regarding its control. This issue arose subsequent to the decolonization era, and it is obvious that the process of decolonization has encountered various challenges throughout history. Despite the various approaches proposed by global leaders to address such issues and mitigate potential conflicts that could jeopardize regional security, certain methods such as mandates or the exercise of self-determination may be considered. The issue of Western Sahara has an extensive history of disputes and contentions among three primary parties: The Kingdom of Morocco, Mauritania, and the Polis Ario Front. Each of these parties has advanced claims over Western Sahara that align with their respective interests. On the other hand, the territorial dispute garnered the attention of various key players, including the United Nations and Spain, the former colonizer of the region, among others ("Western Sahara | Facts, History, Conflict, Map, & Population," 2023). This study will centre on the interplay between the defence and security policies of the United States and the United Nations in this multifaced issue.
المؤسسة التعليمية .. اغتيال الحوار أم بناء الحوار؟ (بين إنتاج العنف والتفكير الناقد)
لا شك في أن للمؤسسة التعليمية دورًا رئيسًا في عملية بناء الحوار المؤسس للتعايش الحضاري والتعايش الإنساني، ولا أظن عملية بناء الإنسان حضاريًا وحواريًا وتعايشًا يكون لها وجود بمعزل عن المؤسسة التعليمية، إذ هي القادرة – بجوار أخرى- على تشكيل ذلك فيه. فهي القادرة بوصفها المنوط بها عملية التعليم والتربية الأخلاقية على توجيهه إلى الحوار لا العنف، النقاش لا الخلاف، الحجاج لا الجدل. ومن هنا فإن هذا البحث تبدو أهميته في محاولة الوقوف على دور المؤسسة التعليمية في إشاعة روح التعايش السلمي الإنساني وإرساء أسس الحوار بين الجميع، تمهيدًا لبناء إنسان قادر على التكيف مع العالم من حوله. كما تبدو أهميته ثانيًا في محاولة الوقوف على الجانب السلبي الذي يمكن أن تؤدي إليه المؤسسة التعليمية في اغتيال الحوار من خلال إشاعة ممارسات تقوم على العنف وعدم تقبل الآخر أي كان. كذلك تبدو أهميته ثالثًا في الوقوف على الجانب الإيجابي الذي يمكن أن تؤديه في هذا المجال، من خلال إشاعات ممارسات التفكير النقدي وجعله منهج حياة، فتكون المؤسسة التعليمية مؤسسة لبناء الحوار لا اغتياله. ويقوم البحث على مجموعة من التساؤلات التي تتبلور حولها إشكاليته الرئيسة، هذه التساؤلات مؤداها: ما درو المؤسسة التعليمية في إشاعة روح الحوار والتعايش الإنساني؟ وهل المؤسسات التعليمية يمكن أن تؤدي دورًا سلبيًا يغتال الحوار ويقضي على منابعه، مما يكون له أثر غير إيجابي في عملية التسامح والتواصل والتعايش؟ كيف تودي المؤسسة التعليمية دورها الإيجابي المنوطة بها في توفير جو من الحوار وممارسته وتفعيل تواجده في عقلية الطلاب وذهنيتهم؟ وكيف يكون التفكير النقدي الأساس الذي تقيم عليه ذلك؟ وفي ضوء هذه الإشكاليات أو التساؤلات تتحدد محاور البحث، وهي على النحو التالي: أ – مقدمة: ب - المؤسسة التعليمية ماذا يمكن أن تقدم. ج - المؤسسة التعليمية وإنتاج العنف (اغتيال الحوار). د - المؤسسة التعليمية والتفكير الناقد (بناء الحوار). ه – الخاتمة.
Strengthening Interfaith Dialogue through Religious Moderation Discourse: An African Perspective
This paper aims to demonstrate how religions moderation can help strengthen inter-religious dialogue and peace-building processes in Africa. The African context of violent-extremism and radicalization is quite different from what is obtainable in other part of the world. The paper focuses more on the root causes, drivers and motivations of radicalization and violent extremism in Africa and thereby proffer sustainable solutions among which religious moderation is tangential to reducing the negative narratives propounded and used by perpetrators. This paper will provide a brief introduction to the terms interfaith dialogue, peace-building, religious moderation discourse, radicalization, violent extremism and terrorism: and will present various ways they have been defined in existing academic literature and policy document. It will further explain the nexus between interfaith dialogue and religious moderation, and provide practical ways of reducing violent extremism, radicalization and extremism in other to foster sustainable peace in Africa.
The Path to Tolerance begins with Eliminating Certitude
The nub of this essay is that all our certitudes are illusory. But first, let me explain certitude, an uncommon word. It means holding absolute certainty about a notion, which, though one may believe that conviction to be the result of an intellectual process, is actually a feeling generated by our subjectivities – our formative and environmental circumstances – consistent with and reinforced by them. For instance, if we are financially secure, we may believe utterly that stealing is wrong, a moral consistent with the preservation of our wealth and comfort; whereas those who are starving may be less convinced. In short, certitude is a rigid sense that no other view is arguable. Certainty is also a firm conviction about an issue, but may be reached after logical reasoning, without any involvement of emotion. For example, once we accept the premises that All men are mortal and Charles is a man, we conclude with certainty that Charles is mortal; but we probably aren’t emotionally invested in that result. The availability of certainty in any enquiry depends much on the subject-matter and the methodology employed. Closed systems, like law and engineering, where accepted definitions and principles abound and deductive logic can be readily applied, offer a degree of certainty of conclusion on issues within the field. But with open topics, such as ethics, human rights, social behavior, politics and culture, both certainty and certitude about conclusions are unavailable. (The one exception is when those conclusions are dictated by religious belief, a situation which stands outside this discussion.) To say that certainty is unavailable is not to suggest that we should not hold firm opinions; merely that we should recognise that others may have contrary views for reasons no less arguable than our own. Why is certainty not achievable in respect of open topics? Because subjectivity enters the reasoning process, because language is ambiguous, especially when we address concepts themselves created by language, because truth is an abstract concept, and because of the limitations of the “tools”, such as logic, which we use for reasoning. If we rid ourselves of unjustified certitudes and certainties, what might follow?
Impact of Gender Inequalities on Education in Morocco: An Economic Analysis of Barriers and Opportunities
Gender inequalities in the field of education pose a major issue that continues to challenge development efforts in Morocco. Despite significant progress made in the education sector over the past decades, persistent gender disparities hinder equitable access to quality education. This study aims to examine the economic impact of these gender inequalities on the Moroccan education system, focusing on the barriers that impede girls' access to education and the potential opportunities associated with promoting gender equality.Drawing on an exhaustive review of recent economic literature, this research explores the socio-economic determinants of gender inequalities in education in Morocco. It also examines the economic consequences of these disparities, both in the short and long term, with an emphasis on their impact on productivity, economic growth, and poverty reduction.The study employs a rigorous quantitative methodology, analyzing empirical data from various national and international sources. An advanced econometric model is applied to assess the extent of the impact of gender inequalities on educational performance and the country's economic outcomes.Through this analysis, we hope to provide relevant insights for policymakers, researchers, and development stakeholders concerned with promoting gender equality and improving the education system in Morocco. The findings will contribute to guiding public policies aimed at strengthening equitable access to education and creating an enabling environment for the development of all individuals, regardless of their gender.