The Relation Between Economic Development and Equality Between Men and Women

Dalia Al-Ghandour

doi:10.54878/gdv8y540

Articles

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Emirati Journal of Business, Economics and Social Studies

The Relation Between Economic Development and Equality Between Men and Women

Dalia Al-Ghandour

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Submitted: November 4, 2025
Published: 2025-12-09

Abstract

This paper critically examines the complex relationship between economic development and gender equality, challenging the assumption that growth alone guarantees equity. Through comparative analysis and case studies, including Egypt’s Takaful and Karama programs, it argues for a shift from top-down economic models to locally grounded, inclusive development approaches that address structural gender disparities and contextual realities.

References

Amjad Naveed, N. A. (2023). Economic development through women’s economic rights: a panel data analysis. PMC (PubMed), April. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10368-023-00560-1
Ann-Zofie Duvander, G. B. (2019). Eleven Gender equality: Parental Leave design and evaluating its effects on fathers’ participation. Oxford Academic. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447338772.003.0011
(2018). ARGENTINA Escaping crises, sustaining growth, sharing prosperity. World Bank Group.
Asim Iqbal, S. H. (2022, November). Gender equality, education, economic growth and religious tensions in developing countries: A spatial analysis approach. Heliyon. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11394
Ata Can Bertay, L. D. (2020). Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data. IMF. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513546278.001
Audrey Babic, I. H. (2021). The Glass Ceiling for Women Managers: Antecedents and Consequences for Work-Family Interface and Well-Being at Work. Frontiers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618250
(2019). Bolsa Família in Brazil. Center for Public impact.
Clark, D. (2020). Girls' Education. World Bank Group.
Duflo, E. (2012). Women Empowerment and Economic development. Journal of Economic Literature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w17702
Eddin, F. F. (2024, October). when the Egyptian government recently announced its intention to fully transition from in-kind to cash support,. Mada Masr.
(2021). Egypt's 2021 Voluntary national review. The Ministry of Planning and Economic Development.
Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, J. H. (2018). Economic Inequality by Gender. Our World in data.
(2024). Facts and figures: Women’s leadership and political participation. UN Women.
Farag, N. (2022). Annual Report on the Status of Egyptian Women. ECWR.
(2023). Global Gender Gap Report. World Economic Forum.
(n.d.). Grievance Redress Mechanism of the Takaful and Karama Program in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Human Rights Inclusion empowerment.
Humanit., J. H. (2019). Reproductive Rights, Reproductive Justice: Redefining Challenges to Create Optimal Health for All Women. PUB MED.
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, P. (2018). Pursuing Women's Economic Empowerment. IMF eLibrary.
Kevin Namiiro, C. U. (2024). GENDER EQUITY IN EDUCATION: ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AND PROMOTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v6i4.1034
Nadia Calviño, K. G.-B. (2024). The Economic Power of Gender Equality. European investment bank.
Pearson, R. (2021). Gender Matters in Development. In a. R. Charlotte Brown, Poverty and development in 1990s.
Prakash, J. E. (2013). Economic Development and Gender Equality: Is there a Gender Kuznets Curve? Cambridge University Press.
Rehorn, L. (n.d.). Mexico’s Oportunidades Program. The Borgen Project.
Sachs, W. (edit 2010). The development Dicyionary.
Sachs, W. (1992). The Development dictionary.
(2022). Speaking out for sexual and reproductive health and rights in Egypt. UNFPA.
(2020). Takaful and Karama, A Social Safety Net project that Promotes Egyptian Women Empowerment and Human Capital. World Bank Group.
Zahid Pervaiz, S. A. (2023). Is gender equality conducive to economic growth of developing countries? Taylor & Francis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2243713

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Keywords

Economic
Development
Gender
Equality
Gender Gap
social security
developing nations

How to Cite

Al-Ghandour , D. (2025). The Relation Between Economic Development and Equality Between Men and Women. Emirati Journal of Business, Economics, & Social Studies, 4(2), 132-138. https://doi.org/10.54878/gdv8y540

Copyright

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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[1] Amjad Naveed, N. A. (2023). Economic development through women’s economic rights: a panel data analysis. PMC (PubMed), April. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10368-023-00560-1

[2] Ann-Zofie Duvander, G. B. (2019). Eleven Gender equality: Parental Leave design and evaluating its effects on fathers’ participation. Oxford Academic. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447338772.003.0011

[3] (2018). ARGENTINA Escaping crises, sustaining growth, sharing prosperity. World Bank Group.

[4] Asim Iqbal, S. H. (2022, November). Gender equality, education, economic growth and religious tensions in developing countries: A spatial analysis approach. Heliyon. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11394

[5] Ata Can Bertay, L. D. (2020). Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data. IMF. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513546278.001

[6] Audrey Babic, I. H. (2021). The Glass Ceiling for Women Managers: Antecedents and Consequences for Work-Family Interface and Well-Being at Work. Frontiers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618250

[7] (2019). Bolsa Família in Brazil. Center for Public impact.

[8] Clark, D. (2020). Girls' Education. World Bank Group.

[9] Duflo, E. (2012). Women Empowerment and Economic development. Journal of Economic Literature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w17702

[10] Eddin, F. F. (2024, October). when the Egyptian government recently announced its intention to fully transition from in-kind to cash support,. Mada Masr.

[11] (2021). Egypt's 2021 Voluntary national review. The Ministry of Planning and Economic Development.

[12] Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, J. H. (2018). Economic Inequality by Gender. Our World in data.

[13] (2024). Facts and figures: Women’s leadership and political participation. UN Women.

[14] Farag, N. (2022). Annual Report on the Status of Egyptian Women. ECWR.

[15] (2023). Global Gender Gap Report. World Economic Forum.

[16] (n.d.). Grievance Redress Mechanism of the Takaful and Karama Program in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Human Rights Inclusion empowerment.

[17] Humanit., J. H. (2019). Reproductive Rights, Reproductive Justice: Redefining Challenges to Create Optimal Health for All Women. PUB MED.

[18] International Monetary Fund. Strategy, P. (2018). Pursuing Women's Economic Empowerment. IMF eLibrary.

[19] Kevin Namiiro, C. U. (2024). GENDER EQUITY IN EDUCATION: ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AND PROMOTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v6i4.1034

[20] Nadia Calviño, K. G.-B. (2024). The Economic Power of Gender Equality. European investment bank.

[21] Pearson, R. (2021). Gender Matters in Development. In a. R. Charlotte Brown, Poverty and development in 1990s.

[22] Prakash, J. E. (2013). Economic Development and Gender Equality: Is there a Gender Kuznets Curve? Cambridge University Press.

[23] Rehorn, L. (n.d.). Mexico’s Oportunidades Program. The Borgen Project.

[24] Sachs, W. (edit 2010). The development Dicyionary.

[25] Sachs, W. (1992). The Development dictionary.

[26] (2022). Speaking out for sexual and reproductive health and rights in Egypt. UNFPA.

[27] (2020). Takaful and Karama, A Social Safety Net project that Promotes Egyptian Women Empowerment and Human Capital. World Bank Group.

[28] Zahid Pervaiz, S. A. (2023). Is gender equality conducive to economic growth of developing countries? Taylor & Francis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2243713

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