مجلد 3 عدد 1 (2024): Emirati Journal of Business, Economics, & Social Studies
Articles

Effect of Macroeconomic indicators on Financial Inclusion: A Study of EAGLES Economies

منشور 2024-05-27

الكلمات المفتاحية

  • Macro Economics,
  • Financial Inclusion,
  • Inflation,
  • Interest rate,
  • Economic growth

كيفية الاقتباس

Effect of Macroeconomic indicators on Financial Inclusion: A Study of EAGLES Economies. (2024). Emirati Journal of Business, Economics, & Social Studies, 3(1), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.54878/n0vztn18

الملخص

The effect of macroeconomic variables on financial inclusion in EAGLES economies is examined in this study. The Eagles economy, comprising nine nations—Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, and Turkey—is the foundation of the analysis. The data was examined from the other eight prefectures because Taiwan's data isn't available from 1992 to 2022. The findings demonstrate that the connection between financial inclusion and GDP is very weak—nearly zero—and linear.  There is a very slight negative link between exchange rates and financial inclusion. Additionally, there is a very modest negative link between interest rates and financial inclusion. Interest rates and financial inclusion have a very weakly negative association. A very slight positive linear association is suggested between the inflation rate and financial inclusion. There is a slight positive link between financial inclusion and the unemployment rate.

المراجع

  1. Alshyab, N., Sandri, S., & Daradkah, D. (2021). The effect of financial inclusion on unemployment reduction-evidence from non-oil producing Arab countries. International Journal of Business Performance Management, 22(2-3), 100-116.
  2. Amakor, I. C., & Eneh, O. (2021). Financial Inclusion and Unemployment Rate In Nigeria. International Journal of Research (IJR), 8(11).
  3. Bacchetta, P., & Van Wincoop, E. (2000). Does exchange-rate stability increase trade and welfare?. American Economic Review, 90(5), 1093-1109.
  4. Callen, T. (2012). Gross domestic product: An economy’s all. International Monetary Fund: Washington, DC, USA.
  5. Callen, T. (2012). Gross domestic product: An economy’s all. International Monetary Fund: Washington, DC, USA.
  6. Calvo, G. A., & Mishkin, F. S. (2002). The mirage of exchange rate regimes for emerging market countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(4), 99-118.
  7. Calvo, G. A., & Mishkin, F. S. (2002). The mirage of exchange rate regimes for emerging market countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(4), 99-118.
  8. Capili, R. A. G., & Mendoza, C. J. (2022). A multivariate time series analysis using vector error correction models in explaining the relationship of financial inclusion and economic growth in the Philippines.
  9. Dewi, N. R., Diartho, H. C., & Zainuri, Z. (2023). THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 7(1), 142-153.
  10. Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American statistical association, 74(366a), 427-431.
  11. Eftimovska, N., & Laurent, S. (2022). Effects of financial inclusion to GDP growth: The case of North Macedonia. Ekonomika, 68(1), 57-79.
  12. El Bourainy, M., Salah, A., & El Sherif, M. (2021). Assessing the impact of financial inclusion on inflation rate in developing countries. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 397-424.
  13. El Bourainy, M., Salah, A., & El Sherif, M. (2021). Assessing the impact of financial inclusion on inflation rate in developing countries. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 397-424.
  14. Evans, O. (2015). The effects of economic and financial development on financial inclusion in Africa.
  15. Eze, G. P., & Markjackson, D. (2020). Determinants of financial inclusion in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Finance, 11(1), 14-22.
  16. Fatmawati, K. (2022). GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: Financing & Investment Activities and State Expenditures. KINERJA: Jurnal Manajemen Organisasi dan Industri, 1(1), 11-18.
  17. Garg, S., & Agarwal, P. (2014). Financial inclusion in India–a Review of initiatives and achievements. IOSR journal of business and Management, 16(6), 52-61.
  18. Gertner, J. (2010). The rise and fall of the GDP. New York Times Magazine, 13.
  19. Islam, A., & Haider, M.Z. (2023) NEXSUS BETWEEN FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND EXCHANGE RATE: EMPIRICAL EVIDANCE FROM BANGLADESH ECONOMY. Khulna University Studies,150-169.
  20. Jahoda, M. (1982). Employment and unemployment. Cambridge Books.
  21. Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of economic dynamics and control, 12(2-3), 231-254.
  22. Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of econometrics, 108(1), 1-24.
  23. Mehry, E. B., Ashraf, S., & Marwa, E. (2021). The impact of financial inclusion on unemployment rate in developing countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(1), 79.
  24. Mehry, E. B., Ashraf, S., & Marwa, E. (2021). The impact of financial inclusion on unemployment rate in developing countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(1), 79.
  25. Mehry, E. B., Ashraf, S., & Marwa, E. (2021). The impact of financial inclusion on unemployment rate in developing countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(1), 79.
  26. Mosco Salgado, R. J. (2019). Financial inclusion and inflation.
  27. Murphy, K. M., & Topel, R. (1997). Unemployment and nonemployment. The American Economic Review, 87(2), 295-300.
  28. Nsiah, A. Y., & Tweneboah, G. (2023). Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Africa: Is Institutional Quality Relevant?. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2184305.
  29. Okeke, C. T., Ifebi, O. E., & Ekesiobi, C. S. (2023). Financial Inclusion and Unemployment In Nigeria. Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences, 4(4), 28-47.
  30. Oruo, J. (2013). The relationship between Financial Inclusion and GDP growth in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
  31. Oruo, J. (2013). The relationship between Financial Inclusion and GDP growth in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
  32. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Theories of financial inclusion," MPRA Paper 101810, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  33. Pahnecke, O., & Bohoslavsky, J. P. (2021). Interest rates and human rights: reinterpreting risk premiums to adjust the financial economy. Yale J. Int'l L. Online, 46, 1.
  34. Pahnecke, O., & Bohoslavsky, J. P. (2021). Interest rates and human rights: reinterpreting risk premiums to adjust the financial economy. Yale J. Int'l L. Online, 46, 1.
  35. Pettersson, V., & Stjernberg, N. (2022). The Role of Financial Inclusion in Economic Growth: A quantitative study about financial inclusion & economic growths relationship.
  36. Phillips, P.C. and Hansen, B.E. (1990), “Statistical inference in instrumental variables regression with I (1) processes”, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 57 No. 1, pp. 99-125.
  37. Rabhi, A. (2022). Flexibility Versus Fixity of Exchange Rate Regimes in Developing Countries: An Empirical Assessment of Macroeconomic Effects. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 24(2), 113-124.
  38. Stock, J.H. and Watson, M.W. (1993), “A simple estimator of co-integrating vectors in higher-order integrated systems”, Econometrica, Vol. 61 No. 4, pp. 783-820
  39. White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 817-838.
  40. Williams, T. H., Iriobe, G. O., Ayodele, T. D., Olasupo, S. F., & Aladejebi, M. O. (2023). DO ILLITERACY AND uNEMPLOYMENT AFFECT FINANCIAL INCLuSION IN THE RuRAL AREAS OF DEVELOPING COuNTRIES?.
  41. Wokabi, V. W., & Fatoki, O. I. (2019). Determinants of financial inclusion in East Africa. International journal of business & management, 7(1), 125-143.
  42. Wokabi, V. W., & Fatoki, O. I. (2019). Determinants of financial inclusion in East Africa. International journal of business & management, 7(1), 125-143.
  43. Wokabi, V. W., & Fatoki, O. I. (2019). Determinants of financial inclusion in East Africa. International journal of business & management, 7(1), 125-143.