Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Sediments and Soils in the City of Dubai based on the Geoaccumulation Index

Abstract

This research assesses heavy metal contamination in surface sediments and soils in Dubai using the geoaccumulation index model. Soil and sediment samples were collected from 19 sites across Dubai, with sampling conducted twice to detect variations in heavy metal concentrations. Eight heavy metals—Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn)—were analyzed for their environmental impact and abundance.Results showed that the soil was highly polluted with Silver (Ag). Nickel (Ni) concentrations ranged from Unpolluted to Moderately Polluted. Chromium (Cr) levels indicated Unpolluted to Moderately Polluted status, except in Al-Marmoum Heritage Village, Jumeirah Lakes, Al-Mamzar Open Beach, and Remram, which showed higher contamination. Cadmium (Cd) levels varied, with some sites Unpolluted and others Unpolluted to Moderately Polluted. Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) levels indicated unpolluted status.Area-wise, Jumeirah Lakes, excluding silver contamination, was generally Unpolluted. Dubai Creek exhibited the highest geoaccumulation index for several metals, including Silver, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, and Zinc.