Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Articles

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Emirati Journal of Applied Psychology

النظام الدولي للصور الانفعالية: دراسة تحقق عبر ثقافية في البيئة المغربية

  • Omar Bousbaiat
  • Mohammed El-Mir
Submitted
December 9, 2025
Published
2025-12-29

Abstract

النظام الدولي للصور الانفعالية هو قاعدة بيانات من الصور الموحدة التي تستعمل في دراسة الانفعال والانتباه، وقد سعت هذه الدراسة إلى البحث عن مدى موثوقية وصلاحية هذه الصور لإثارة انفعالات المغاربة. لذلك قام 123 طالبا مغربيا (75 أنثى؛ الفترة العمرية: 18-51) ينتمون إلى شعبة علم النفس بجامعة سيدي محمد بن عبد الله بفاس، بتقييم المتعة والاثارة والهيمنة ل 238 صورة تمثيلية طبقية من صور النظام الدولي للصور الانفعالية، باستخدام دمية التقييم الذاتي (SAM). وقد بينت قيم الموثوقية تناسق داخلي كبير في تقييمات المشاركين. كما أوضحت نتائج المقارنة بين تقييمات عينتنا والعينة الأمريكية ارتباطا كبيرا (0.94 للمتعة، 0.75 للهيمنة، 0.70 للإثارة) وهو ما يشير إلى أن تقييمات العينتين متشابهة. علاوة على هذا تجسد توزيع الصور التي تم تقييمها في الفضاء الانفعالي للمتعة والاثارة على شكل جناح دوار كما هو الأمر في العينة الامريكية، مع وضوح أكثر في العينة المغربية. وتؤكد هذه النتائج صلاحية استخدام صور النظام الدولي للصور الانفعالية لإثارة انفعالات المغاربة.

References

  1. Abbruzzese, L., Magnani, N., Robertson, I. H., & Mancuso, M. (2019). Age and gender differences in emotion recognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02371
  2. Barke, A., Stahl, J., & Kröner-Herwig, B. (2012). Identifying a subset of fear-evoking pictures from the IAPS on the basis of dimensional and categorical ratings for a German sample. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(1), 565–572https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.07.006
  3. Beaupré, M. G., Cheung, N., & Hess, U. (2000). The Montreal set of facial displays of emotion. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
  4. Belin, P., Fillion-Bilodeau, S., & Gosselin, F. (2008). The Montreal Affective Voices: a validated set of nonverbal affect bursts for research on auditory affective processing. Behavior Research Methods, 40(2), 531–539.https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.2.531
  5. Bousbaiat, O., & El-mir, M. (2024). Cross-Cultural Validation of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) on a Moroccan Sample. Acta Neuropsychologica, 22(2), 183-202. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4684
  6. Bousbaiat, O., & El-Mir, M. (2023). Empirical study of emotions: choosing the appropriate emotional stimuli. Arab Journal Of Psychology, 8(3), 25-35. DOI: 10.57642/AJOPSY--3.
  7. Bradley, M., & Lang, P. J. (2007). The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) in the study of emotion and attention. In Handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment (Oxford Uni, pp. 29–46). Coan, James, A.− Allen, John, J., B.(eds.) Handbook of Emotion Elicitation
  8. Bradley, M.M. & Lang, P. (2017). Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings. Technical Report C-3.
  9. Bradley, M. M. (1994). Emotional memory: A dimensional analysis. In Emotions: Essays on emotion theory. (pp. 97–134). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  10. Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49–59.https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9
  11. Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1999a). Affective norms for English words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings. Technical report C-1, the center for research in psychophysiology
  12. Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1999b). International affective digitized sounds (IADS): Stimuli, instruction manual and affective ratings (Tech. Rep. No. B-2). Gainesville, FL: The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.
  13. Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2007). The international affective digitized sounds (; iads-2): Affective ratings of sounds and instruction manual. University of Florida, Gainesville. Technical Rep. B-3.
  14. Briesemeister, B. B., Kuchinke, L., & Jacobs, A. M. (2011). Discrete emotion norms for nouns: Berlin affective word list (DENN–BAWL). Behavior Research Methods, 43(2), 441–448.
  15. Bungener, C., Bonnet, P., & Fiori, N. (2016). Validation of 120 images of the IAPS in a French population aged from 20 to 88 years. Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie Du Viellissement, 14, 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2016.0605
  16. Camras, L. A., Oster, H., Campos, J., Campos, R., Ujiie, T., Miyake, K., Wang, L., & Meng, Z. (1998). Production of emotional facial expressions in European American, Japanese, and Chinese infants. Developmental Psychology, 34(4), 616–628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.616
  17. Carretié, L., Tapia, M., López-Martín, S., & Albert, J. (2019). EmoMadrid: An emotional pictures database for affect research. Motivation and Emotion, 43(6), 929–939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09780-y
  18. Castillo-Parra, G., Jesús, A. I., & Ostrosky, F. (2002). Affective valence, arousal and reaction time: A study with Mexican population. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 19, 167–176.
  19. Chiang, S.-K., Tam, W. C. C., Hua, M. S., Chen, W. L., & Chang, C. S. (2012). The International Affective Picture System: A Validation Study for Young Adults in Taiwan.(國際情緒圖片系統在台灣年輕成人的適用性與其分類方式探討). Chinese Journal of Psychology, 54, 495–510.
  20. Dan-Glauser, E. S., & Scherer, K. R. (2011). The Geneva affective picture database (GAPED): a new 730-picture database focusing on valence and normative significance. Behavior Research Methods, 43(2), 468–477.
  21. De Souza, L. C., Bertoux, M., De Faria, Â. R. V., Corgosinho, L. T. S., Prado, A. C. D. A., Barbosa, I. G., Caramelli, P., Colosimo, E., & Teixeira, A. L. (2018). The effects of gender, age, schooling, and cultural background on the identification of facial emotions: A transcultural study. International Psychogeriatrics, 30(12), 1861–1870. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610218000443
  22. Deák, A., Csenki, L., & Révész, G. (2010). Hungarian ratings for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS): A cross-cultural comparison. Empirical Text and Culture Research, 4(May 2017), 90–101. http://www.ram-verlag.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/etc4zeit.pdf#page=95
  23. Díaz, C. A. G., Muñoz, P. G., & Castellar, J. V. (2011). Validación colombiana del Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas: Evidencias del origen transcultural del la emoción. [Colombian validation of the International Affective Picture System: Evidence of cross-cultural origins of emotion.]. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 14(2), 103–111.
  24. Drače, S., Efendić, E., Kusturica, M., & Landzo, L. (2013). Cross-cultural validation of the “international affective picture system”(IAPS) on a sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Psihologija (Vol. 46, Issue 1, pp. 17–26). https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI1301017D
  25. Dufey, M., Fernández, A. M., & Mayol, R. (2011). Adding support to cross-cultural emotional assessment: Validation of the international affective picture system in a chilean sample. Universitas Psychologica, 10(2), 521–533. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy10-2.asce
  26. Ekman, P., & Matsumoto, D. (1993). Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE). CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  27. Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O’Sullivan, M., Chan, A., & et al. (1987). Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(4), 712–717. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.53.4.712
  28. Gilet, A.-L., Grühn, D., Studer, J., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2012). Valence, arousal, and imagery ratings for 835 French attributes by young, middle-aged, and older adults: The French Emotional Evaluation List (FEEL). European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(3), 173–181.
  29. Gong, X., & Wang, D. (2016). Applicability of the International Affective Picture System in Chinese older adults: A validation study. PsyCh Journal, 5(2), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.131
  30. Grühn, D., & Scheibe, S. (2008). Age-related differences in valence and arousal ratings of pictures from the International Affective Picture System (LAPS): Do ratings become more extreme with age? Behavior Research Methods, 40(2), 512–521. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.2.512
  31. Haberkamp, A., Glombiewski, J. A., Schmidt, F., & Barke, A. (2017). The DIsgust-RelaTed-Images (DIRTI) database: Validation of a novel standardized set of disgust pictures. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 89, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.010
  32. Hall, Judith A., & Matsumoto, D. (2004). Gender differences in judgments of multiple emotions from facial expressions. Emotion, 4(2), 201–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.4.2.201
  33. Hall, Judy A., Carter, J. D., & Horgan, T. G. (2010). Gender differences in nonverbal communication of emotion. Gender and Emotion, 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511628191.006
  34. Hu, S., Wei, N., Guo, W., Hu, J., Tan, Y., & Xu, Y. (2005). Cross-cultural study of affective reactions of Chinese and American healthy adults. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13(3), 265.
  35. Huang, Y. X., and Luo, Y. J. (2004). Native assessment of international affective picture system. Chin. Ment. Health 9, 631–634. doi:10.3758/s13428-014-0535-2
  36. Isaacowitz, D. M., Löckenhoff, C. E., Lane, R. D., Wright, R., Sechrest, L., Riedel, R., & Costa, P. T. (2007). Age differences in recognition of emotion in lexical stimuli and facial expressions. Psychology and Aging, 22(1), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.147
  37. Kim, H., Lu, X., Costa, M., Kandemir, B., Adams, R. B., Li, J., Wang, J. Z., & Newman, M. G. (2018). Development and validation of Image Stimuli for Emotion Elicitation (ISEE): A novel affective pictorial system with test-retest repeatability. Psychiatry Research, 261, 414–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.068.
  38. Kropotov, J. D. (2016). Functional neuromarkers for psychiatry. San Diego: Academic Press, Elsevier.
  39. Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., & Cuthbert, B. . (1995). International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings.
  40. Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., & Cuthbert, B. . (2008). International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Technical Report A-8.
  41. Lasaitis, C., Ribeiro, R. L., & Bueno, O. F. A. (2008). Normas Brasileiras para o International Affective Picture System (IAPS) - Estudo comparativo dos novos estímulos para avaliações afetivas entre sujeitos brasileiros e norte-americanos. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 57(4), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852008000400008
  42. Liu, P., & Pell, M. D. (2012). Recognizing vocal emotions in Mandarin Chinese: A validated database of Chinese vocal emotional stimuli. Behavior Research Methods, 44(4), 1042–1051.https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0203-3
  43. Lohani, M., Gupta, R., & Srinivasan, N. (2013). Cross-Cultural Evaluation of the International Affective Picture System on an Indian Sample. In Psychological Studies (Vol. 58, Issue 3, pp. 233–241). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-013-0196-8
  44. Lundqvist, D., Flykt, A., & Öhman, A. (1998). Karolinska directed emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion.https://doi.org/10.1037/t27732-000
  45. Marchewka, A., Żurawski, Ł., Jednoróg, K., & Grabowska, A. (2014). The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): Introduction to a novel, standardized, wide-range, high-quality, realistic picture database. Behavior Research Methods, 46(2), 596–610.https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0379-1
  46. Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1988). Japanese and caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) and japanese and caucasian neutral faces (JACNeuF). [Slides]. Intercultural and Emotion Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University.
  47. Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. In An approach to environmental psychology. The MIT Press.
  48. Mina, L., Bakker, L., Rubiales, J., & González, R. (2017). A Validation Study of The International Affective Picture System in Children and Adolescents in Argentina. Revista de Psicología, 26, 76–91. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2017.47953
  49. Moltó, J., Montañés, S., Gil, R. P., Cabedo, P. S., Verchili, M. C. P., Irún, M. P. T., Uclés, I. R., Hernández, M. A., Sánchez, M. B., & Castellar, J. V. (1999). Un método para el estudio experimental de las emociones: el International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Adaptación española. Revista de Psicología General y Aplicada: Revista de La Federación Española de Asociaciones de Psicología, 52(1), 55–87.
  50. Moyal, N., Henik, A., & Anholt, G. E. (2018). Categorized Affective Pictures Database (CAP-D). Journal of Cognition, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.47
  51. Nussbaum, M. C. (2005). Emotions and the Origins of Morality. Advances in Psychology, 137(C), 61–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(05)80032-9
  52. Osgood, C. E. (1962). Studies on the generality of affective meaning systems. American Psychologist, 17(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045146.
  53. Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning. In The measurement of meaning. Univer. Illinois Press.
  54. Pachalska, M. (2019). Integrated self-system: a microgenetic approach. Acta Neuropsychologica, 17(4), 349-393. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.6198.
  55. Ribeiro, R. L., Pompéia, S., & Amodeo Bueno, O. F. (2005). Comparison of Brazilian and American norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 27(3), 208–215. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462005000300009
  56. Silva, J. R. (2011). El sistema internacional de imágenes afectivas (International Affective Picture System-IAPS) en Chile: Estudio de adaptación y validación transcultural. Terapia Psicologica, 29(2), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082011000200012
  57. Soares, A. P., Pinheiro, A. P., Costa, A., Frade, C. S., Comesaña, M., & Pureza, R. (2015). Adaptation of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) for European Portuguese. In Behavior Research Methods (Vol. 47, Issue 4, pp. 1159–1177). Springer. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-014-0535-2
  58. Szymanska, M., Comte, A., Tio, G., Vidal, C., Monnin, J., Smith, C. C., Nezelof, S., & Vulliez-Coady, L. (2019). The Besançon affective picture set-adult (BAPS-Adult): Development and validation. Psychiatry Research, 271, 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.005
  59. Verschuere, B., Crombez, G., & Koster, E. (2001). The international affective picture system: A flemish validation study. Psychologica Belgica, 41(4), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.981
  60. Vila, J., Sanchez, M., Ramirez, I., Fernandez, M. C., Cobos, P., Rodriguez, S., Munoz, M. A., Tormo, M. P., Herrero, M., Segarra, P., Pastor, M. C., & Poy, R. (2001). El Sistema Internacional De Imagenes Afectivas (IAPS): Adaptación Espanola . Segunda Parte. Revista de Psicología General y Aplicada, 54(4), 635–657.
  61. Weierich, M. R., Kleshchova, O., Rieder, J. K., & Reilly, D. M. (2019). The Complex Affective Scene Set (COMPASS): Solving the Social Content Problem in Affective Visual Stimulus Sets. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.256
  62. Wundt, W. (1897). Outline of psychology. Williams and Norgate. https://doi.org/10.1037/12908-000
  63. Yi, J., Liu, M. F., Luo, Y. Z., & Yao, S. Q. (2006). Gender differences of the reaction to emotional pictures. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 14(6), 583.
  64. Zayed Higher Organization for People of Determination. (2024). Appetite system. In the Emirati-Russian Dictionary of Psychology (1st ed., p. 65).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2