Emirati Journal of Applied Psychology

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Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Emirati Journal of Applied Psychology

The risk factors affecting the development of ASD and the possibility for prenatal detection

  • Khamenehei Nazyar
  • Tokarskaya Lyudmila Valerievna
Submitted
May 15, 2025
Published
2025-06-19

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Recent advancements in research have highlighted the polygenic nature of ASD, with key genetic markers such as chromosomal deletions and specific gene mutations contributing significantly to risk. Epigenetic mechanisms and maternal health factors during pregnancy, including infections, medication use, and nutritional deficiencies, further modify ASD susceptibility. Emerging diagnostic tools, including prenatal ultrasound and chromosomal microarray analysis, offer promising avenues for early detection by identifying structural abnormalities, genetic variations, and other risk indicators.  Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including limited specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic methods, ethical and social concerns, and the high cost and limited accessibility of genetic testing. Additionally, the multifactorial origins of ASD necessitate larger, longitudinal studies to validate early markers and refine detection strategies. This study underscores the importance of addressing these limitations to improve early intervention and support for high-risk pregnancies, ultimately aiming to enhance outcomes for individuals with ASD.

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