EMIRATES SCHOLAR DIRECTORY | Publisher Website

Articles

Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Emirati Journal of Business, Economics, & Social Studies

Exploring Emiratisation through the lens of sustainable leadership in financial institutions in the UAE

  • Christina Koutra,  
  • Alia Mohamed,  
Submitted
May 16, 2026
Published
2026-06-20

Abstract

This study explores sustainable leadership in Abu Dhabi financial organisations to uncover challenges related to the Emiratisation of their workforce. Using grounded theory we investigate the relationships between Emirati employee turnover, psychological empowerment, and sustainable leadership. The data collected through interviews reveal that the observed high turnover of Emirati employees is due to inadequate engagement and empowerment: i) organisations have a reputation of being non-continuous learning platforms among Emiratis; ii) career growth and satisfaction are major reasons for the high Emirati turnover; iii) their inadequate engagement is a result of organisational and cultural gaps; and iv) leaders lack commitment to the Emiratisation agenda. This study recommends creating a sustainable approach to Emiratisation, reviewing pay and benefits for employees, evaluating leaders based on their ownership of the nationalisation agenda, and how they are fully integrating Emiratis into their organisations.

References

  1. Ababneh, K. I. (2020). Effects of Met Expectations, Trust, Job Satisfaction, and Commitment on Faculty Turnover Intentions in the United Arab Emirates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(2), 303–334.
  2. Ababneh, K. I., & Hackett, R. D. (2019). The Direct and Indirect Impacts of Job Characteristics on Faculty Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Higher Education, 77(1), 19–36.
  3. Al-Afari, Thamna S., & Abu Elanain, Hossam M. (2014). Procedural and Distributive Justice as Mediators of the Relationship between Interactional Justice and Work Outcomes: An Empirical Study of the UAE Public Health Care Sector. Journal of Applied Business Research, 30(4), 1091–1108.
  4. Al Jenaibi, Badreya. (20100. Job Satisfaction: Comparisons among Diverse Public Organizations in the UAE. Management Science and Engineering, 4(3), 60–79.
  5. Al Mehrzi, Nada, & Singh, Sanjay K. (2016). Competing through Employee Engagement: A Proposed Framework. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 65(6), 831–843.
  6. Almulhim, Abdullah F. (2020). Linking Knowledge Sharing to Innovative Work Behaviour: The Role of Psychological Empowerment. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(9), 549–560.
  7. Alqubati, H., Dixon, C., & C. Hossan. (2019). Influence of Job Dissatisfaction on Recent Raise of Employee Turnover Intention in UAE Banks: A Mixed-methods Approach. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 26(2), 155–176.
  8. Ambad, Sylvia N. A., Kalimin, Khairia M., Dayang, H. D., Damit Ag., & Andrew, Jasmine V. (2021). The Mediating Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Leadership Styles and Task Performance of Academic Staff. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 42(5), 763–782.
  9. Avery, Gayle C., & Bergsteiner, Harald. (2011). Sustainable Leadership Practices for Enhancing Business Resilience and Performance. Strategy and Leadership, 39(3), 5–15.
  10. Bannay, Dheyaa F., Hadi, M. J., & Amanah, A. A. (2020). The Impact of Inclusive Leadership Behaviors on Innovative Workplace Behavior with an Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Work Engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(3), 479–491.
  11. Begum, Saira, Xia, Enjun., Mehmood, Khalid., Iftikhar, Yasser, & Yan Li. (2020). The Impact of CEOs' Transformational Leadership on Sustainable Organizational Innovation in SMEs: A Three-wave Mediating Role of Organizational Learning and Psychological Empowerment. Sustainability, 12 (20), 1–16.
  12. Biro, Meghan M. (2018). Developing Your Employees Is The Key To Retention -- Here Are 4 Smart Ways To Start. Forbes, July 23. https://www.forbes.com/sites/meghanbiro/2018/07/23/developing-your-employees-is-the-key-to-retention-here-are-4-smart-ways-to-start/?sh=178a72783734
  13. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: John Wiley.
  14. Boes, K. (2014). The Tourist Experience. The cultural heritage experience of visually impaired tourists: An Insight beyond sight. MA diss., Salzburg: UoAS.
  15. Casserley, Tim & Critchley, Bill. (2010). A New Paradigm of Leadership Development. Industrial and Commercial Training, 42(6), 287–295.
  16. Central Bank of UAE. (2006). Emiratization in the Banking Sector. Dubai: Central Bank of UAE. https://centralbank.ae/en/node/566
  17. Corcoran, Peter B., Hollingshead, Brandon P., Lotz-Sisitka, H., Wals, Arjen E. J., & Weakland, Joseph Paul. (2014). Intergenerational Learning and Transformative Leadership for Sustainable Futures. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
  18. Creswell, John W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 2nd ed. London: Sage.
  19. Crosby, Linda G. (2016). Developing Sustainable Leadership Strategies to Increase Corporate Revenue. PhD diss., Minneapolis: Walden University.
  20. Daleure, Georgia. (2017). Emiratization Progress and Challenges. In Emiratization in the UAE Labor Market. Singapore: Springer.
  21. Dedahanov, Alisher T., Bozorov, Faridun, & Sung, Sanghyun. (2019). Paternalistic Leadership and Innovative Behavior: Psychological Empowerment as a Mediator. Sustainability, 11(6),: 1770.
  22. Eccles, Robert G., Ioannou, Ionnais, & Serafeim, George. (2012). The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance. Working Paper 17950. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  23. Etikan, Ilker, Musa, Sulaiman A., & Alkassim, Rukayya S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4.
  24. Gök, Osman. & Özkaya, Hakan. (2011). Does Corporate Reputation Improve Stock Performance in an Emerging Economy? Evidence from Turkey. Corporate Reputation Review, 14(1), 53–61.
  25. Gomes, Clandia M., Scherer, Flavia L., de Menezes, Uiara G., Neto, Roberto D. L, & Kurglianskas, Isak. (2013). Strategies of Sustainable Management and Business Performance: An Analysis in Innovative Companies. International Journal of Innovation Management, 17(5), 1–31. Hameed, Abdul, & Waheed, Aamer. (2011). Employee Development and Its Effect on Employee Performance A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (13), 224.
  26. Harhara, A. S., Singh, S. K., & Hussain, M. (2015). Correlates of Employee Turnover Intentions in Oil and Gas Industry in the UAE. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 23(3), 493–504.
  27. Harley, B., & Cornelissen, J. (2020). Rigor with or without templates? The pursuit of methodological rigor in qualitative research Organizational Research Methods, 25(2).
  28. Iqbal, Q., Ahmad, N. H., & Abdul-Halim, H. (2020). How does Sustainable Leadership Influence Sustainable Performance? Empirical Evidence from Selected ASEAN Countries. SAGE Open, 10(4), 1–16.
  29. Iqbal, Qaiser, Ahmad, Noor H., Nasim, Adeel, & Khan, Syed A. R. (2020). A Moderated-mediation Analysis of Psychological Empowerment: Sustainable Leadership and Sustainable Performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121429.
  30. Jabeen, F., Friesen, H. L., & Ghoudi, K. (2018). Quality of Work life of Emirati Women and its Influence on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: Evidence from the UAE. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(2), 352–370.
  31. Kurtessis, J. N., R. Eisenberger, Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory. Journal of Management, 43,1854-1884.
  32. Lester, J. N., Cho, Y., & Lochmiller, C. (2020). Learning to Do Qualitative Data Analysis: A Starting Point.
  33. Li, H., Nazir, Sajjad, Najir, Wang, Qun, Ali, Asadullah M., Khaqan, Zeb, & Amina, Shafi. (2019). Influence of Transformational Leadership on Employees' Innovative Work Behavior in Sustainable Organizations: Test of Mediation and Moderation Processes. Sustainability, 11(6), 15–34.
  34. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  35. McCann, Jack T., & Holt, Roger A. 2010. Defining Sustainable Leadership. International Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 2(2), 204.
  36. Mccann, Jack, & Sweet, Mathew. (2014). The Perceptions of Ethical and Sustainable Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 121, 373–383.
  37. Mehrad, A., Fernández-Castro, J., & De-Olmedo, M. P. G. G. (2020). A Systematic Review of Leadership Styles, Work Engagement and Organizational Support. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 9(4), 66–77.
  38. Patrícia, Ana D., Neuza, Semedo, & Gomes, Daniel R. (2021). Authentic Leadership and Improved Individual Performance: Affective Commitment and Individual Creativity’s Sequential Mediation. Frontiers in Psychology 12,1664–1078.
  39. Rahardjo, H., Idrus, M. S., Hadiwidjojo, D., & Aisjah, S. (2013). Factors that Determines the Success of Corporate Sustainability Management. Journal of Management Research, 5(2), 1–16.
  40. Rahi, Samar. (2021). Investigating the Role of Employee Psychological Well-being and Psychological Empowerment with Relation to Work Engagement and Sustainable Employability. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(2), 266–285.
  41. Rainey, David L. (2013). The Pursuit of Sustainable Leadership becoming a Successful Strategic Leader through Principles, Perspectives, and Professional Development. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishers. Rees, Christopher J., Mamman, Aminu, & Bin Braik, Aysha. (2007). Emiratization as a strategic HRM change initiative: Case study evidence from a UAE petroleum company. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 33-5.
  42. Rettab, Belaid, & Mellahi, Kamel. (2019). Practising CSR in the Middle East. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  43. Safrizal, Helmi B. A., Eliyana, Anis., Firdaus, Muhammad, & Rachmawati, Pinky D. (2020). The Effect of Participatory Leadership on Performance through Psychological Empowerment and Trust-in-supervisors. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(11), 1234–1246.
  44. Sandelowski. (1995). Sample Size in Qualitative Research. Res Nurs Health, 18(2),179-83.
  45. Sarker, A. E., & Rahman, M. H. (2020). Social Engineering and Emiratization in the United Arab Emirates. Public Administration and Policy, 23(2),173-186.
  46. Sarwar, H., Ishaq, Muhammad I., Amin, Anam, & Ahmed, Roheel. (2020). Ethical Leadership, Work Engagement, Employees' Well-being, and Performance in UAE Hotels. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(12), 2008–2026.
  47. Singh, Abhilash, & Sharma, Jyoti. (2015). Strategies for Talent Management: A Study of Select Organizations in the UAE. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 23(3), 337–347.
  48. Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1997). Grounded Theory in Practice. London: Sage Publications.
  49. Suliman, Abubakr M., & Obaidli, Hanan Ali. (2011). Organizational Climate and Turnover in Islamic Banking in the UAE. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 4(4), 308–324.
  50. Tabet, Maissoun. (2020), Sustainability leadership in the UAE: How is the Financial Sector helping. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/sustainability-leadership-uae-how-financial-sector-helping-tab/
  51. Taras, V., Baack, D., Caprar, D., Jiménez, A, & Froese, F. (2021). Research: How Cultural Differences Can Impact Global Teams. Harvard Business Review, June 9. https://hbr.org/2021/06/research-how-cultural-differences-can-impact-global-teams
  52. The National. (2022). 5,000 New Jobs for Emiratis in Banking and Insurance by 2026. The National. https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/2022/03/02/5000-new-jobs-for-emiratis-in-banking-and-insurance-by-2026/
  53. Tideman, S. G., Arts, M, & Zandee, D. (2013). Sustainable Leadership: Towards a Workable Definition. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 49,17–33.
  54. Toledo, H. (2013). The political economy of Emiratization in the UAE. Journal of Economic Studies, 40(1), 39-53.
  55. Tripathi, D., Priyadarshi, Pushpendra, Kumar, Pankaj, & Kumar, Sushil. (2019). Micro-foundations for Sustainable Development: Leadership and Employee Performance. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 28(1), 92–108.
  56. Vidaver-Cohen, Deborah. (2007). Reputation beyond the Rankings: A Conceptual Framework for Business School Research. Corporate Reputation Review, 10, 278–304.
  57. Wong, Kelly. (2020). Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace: Benefits and Challenges. Achievers (blog). https://www.achievers.com/blog/diversity-and-inclusion/
  58. Yang, J., Pu, B., & Guan, Z. (2019). Entrepreneurial Leadership and Turnover Intention in Startups: Mediating Roles of Employees' Job Embeddedness, Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment. Sustainability, 11(4), 1101.
  59. Zeffane, R., & Kemp, L. (2020). Emiratization: Benefits and Challenges of Strategic and Radical Change in the United Arab Emirates. In Case Studies in Work, Employment and Human Resource Management, edited by Tony Dundon and Adrian Wilkinson, 245-253. Elgar online. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975599

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

1-10 of 20

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 > >> 
Empowering Knowledge · Advancing Communities

Founded in 2019, Emirates Scholar Center for Research & Studies is the UAE's first specialized entity dedicated to scientific indexing, publishing, and promoting research across diverse fields — contributing to UAE Vision 2071 and a knowledge-based economy.

15+ Peer-Reviewed Journals
9+ Index Databases
2019 Est. Abu Dhabi, UAE
📚
Browse All Journals
Explore 15+ peer-reviewed open-access journals across business, health, education, technology, and social sciences.
View Journals →
🎓
Training Academy
Build your research and publishing skills with our academic training programs, workshops, and capacity-building courses.
Explore Training →
✍️
News & Articles
Explore our ongoing initiatives and milestones, and remain informed about our continuous achievements.
Latest News →
📍 Level 36, Etihad Towers – T3, Abu Dhabi, UAE 📧 info@emiratesscholar.com 📞 +971 2 409 3159
Empowering knowledge · Advancing community
Emirates Scholar Center for Research & Studies
Level 36, Etihad Towers – T3, Abu Dhabi, UAE · P.O. Box 28686
Emirates Scholar
  • Submit Manuscript