The Emirates Scholar Center for Research & Studies (ESRC) is committed to maintaining the integrity and reliability of the scholarly record. In cases where published content contains significant errors, ethical breaches, or other issues affecting its validity, the journal follows clear procedures for retractions and corrections in accordance with COPE guidelines.

1. Retraction of Articles

A published article may be retracted if:

• It contains fabricated, falsified, or plagiarized data
• Ethical violations or undisclosed conflicts of interest are discovered
• Serious errors are identified that invalidate the findings
• Duplicate publication or redundant publication is confirmed

The original article remains accessible for the scholarly record, but it is marked clearly as retracted.

2. Corrections (Errata)

Minor errors that do not affect the overall conclusions of the article may be addressed through a correction notice. Corrections are published promptly, with clear reference to the original article.

3. Author and Institution Notification

Authors are informed of any retraction or correction decisions, and in cases of serious ethical violations, the journal may notify the authors’ affiliated institutions.

4. Editorial Oversight

The Editor-in-Chief, in consultation with the Editorial Board, makes the final decision on all retractions and corrections. Decisions are based on evidence, ethical standards, and COPE guidelines, ensuring fairness and transparency.

5. Transparency and Record-Keeping

All retraction and correction decisions are documented in the journal’s editorial system to ensure accountability and maintain trust in the published literature.

By adhering to this policy, ESRC ensures that its journals uphold the highest standards of scholarly integrity, protecting authors, readers, and the wider research community.